Chapter 6 Anthro

Primatologists are often trained in either anthropology or biology, but are rarely trained in other disciplines.

FALSE

Match each trait with the primate group in which it appears (strepsirhines or haplorhines).

Haplorhines: - bigger brains - fully enclosed eye orbits Strepsirhines: - large olfactory bulb - tooth comb - grooming claw - fingernails and claws

Match the family or subfamily with the appropriate superfamily.

Hominoidea: Ponginae & Gorilinae Ceboidea: Atelidae & Cebidae Cercopithecoidiea: Colobinae Cercopithecinae

Living lemurs are only found in _______, while the rest of the living strepsirhines are found in __________.

Madagascar Asia and Africa

Noses

New world : platyrrhine Old world: catarrhine

New World monkeys, from ______, have a _________ dental formula, whereas Old World monkeys, from _________, have a ________ dental formula.

South America 2.1.3.3 Africa 2.1.2.3

Primates have reduced reliance on smell, which is reflected in their smaller snouts, as compared with other mammals.

TRUE

Which of the following are reasons why primates should be studied?

The study of primates allows for insight into the origins of humans. The study of primates assists in the preservation of their species in the wild. The study of primates provides insight into why humans engage in conflict and warfare. The study of primates enables advances in medicine.

What is one of the key indicators of primates' adaptability?

They live in a wide range of habitats

Which specific term describes teeth with two ridges, as found in Old World-monkey molars?

bilophodont

Identify whether each feature listed belongs to primates or to other mammals.

other mammals: - have relatively short growth and development periods - feature relatively short periods between births primates: -tend to give birth to only one offspring at a time - have relatively longer periods of maternal investment

Match the primates with their correct upper-jaw dental formula.

2.1.3.3: lemur & howler monkey 2.1.2.3: human chimpanzee macaque

Which of the following primates has a honing complex with a diastema?

- Old world moneys - apes

Which of the following evolutionary developments is/are responsible for primates' enhanced sense of touch?

- dermal ridges - fingernails and toenails

Which of the following is true about tarsiers?

- elongated tarsals - large, bulbous eyes - two lower incsiors

Which of the following is/are prominent tendencies used to define primates?

- express a great deal of parental investment - are adapted to an arboreal lifestyle - express dietary plasticity

Which of the following evolutionary developments is/are responsible for most primates' enhanced vision?

- forward facing eyes - depth perception - overlapping visual fields - fully or partially enclosed eye orbit - color vision

Which of the following is true regarding nonhuman primates?

- intelligent -highly adaptable -complex social behavior - great variation in diet among primate species - live relatively long lives

Within the past 30 years, nearly 50% of today's 600 taxa of primates are endangered, in large part due to human activity. Identify the ways in which anthropologists work to protect endangered primates, such as this highly endangered northern muriqui.

- introduce primates raised into new environments in the wild - study primates in their natural environments - work with local communities in areas where endangered primates live

Which of the following are traits associated with apes, and which are associated with monkeys?

Apes: - lack of tail - larger body and brains - broader trunks - slow growth pattern Monkeys: - bilophodont molar - high interspecies variability

The ___________ classification scheme uses anatomical and genetic evidence to determine ancestor-descendent relationships.

cladistic

Which of the following are primitive traits retained exclusively by strepsirhines?

rhinarium specialized diet