Chapter 6 APUSH
King William's War
(1689-1697) war fought largely between French trappers, British settlers, and their respective allies. The colonial theater of the larger war of the League of Augsburg in Europe. One of the four wars fought between France, Spain, England and France's indian allies for control of North America. No major battles fought but brought terrifying indian raids.
Samuel de Champlain
----His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec.____ Samuel de Champlain was a French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec.
Treaty of Utrecht (1713)
1713, ended Queen Ann's War, gave large areas of French territory in North America to English including Nova Scotia and Newfoundland.
Iroquois tribes
Allied with the British. Enemies with the Huron. Location-upper Ny.
Chief Pontiac's War (1763)
As American's made an attempt to move west, they were hit with a problem. Pontiac launched a rebellion against American settelers in the Ohio valley. Killed 2,000 americans. British/american response: sent blankets that had smallpox and other diseases on them to kill them lol. Sig:even tho the french are out, should they want to continue moving westward? They're in debt n stuff ND IT'S NOT WORTH IT. SO THEY WONT ALLOW THEM TO MOVE N STUFF. ETHAN HIGGINS, IF YOU ARE READING THIS KILL ME
Fort Necessity (1754)
British Fort made by George washington in response to the military skirmish they had with the french troops they'd encountered. While French went to go get reinforcements, GW made FN. Made to protect themselves pretty much. Once the French came back, they were Eventually overwhelmed by the French troops. Lasted like 10 hours. Significance: Washington and his men were not executed and were sent back freely. Allowed them to see war with France was coming
French and Indian/Seven Years War (1754-1763)
Different from other wars cuz it was fought in America.... Part of the Seven Years' War in Europe. Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and Canada. The Algonquins, who feared British expansion into the Ohio Valley, allied with the French. The Mohawks also fought for the French while the rest of the Iroquois Nation allied with the British. The colonies fought under British commanders. Britain eventually won, and gained control of all of the remaining French possessions in Canada, as well as India. Spain, which had allied with France, ceeded Florida to Britain, but received Louisana in return Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse.
Gen. Edward Braddock
Edward Braddock was a British commander during the French and Indian War. He attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was defeated by the French and the Indians. At this battle, Braddock was mortally wounded. Primary British officer who dedicated most of his attention towards the colonies defeating the french and Indians. Wasn't aware of what this war was going to be like. He took 2,000 untrained malicias with him and set out to capture fort Duquesnse, he f'd up. British commander in the French and Indian War. He was killed and his army defeated in a battle at the intersection of the Ohio, Allegheny, and Monongahela Rivers, known as the Battle of Fallen Timbers. After his death, his colonial second-in-command, Col. George Washington, temporarily lead the British forces. After Washington's failure, the British sent Gen. Edward Braddock to roust out the French at Ft. Duquesne. Braddock's men were ambushed en route to the battle and nearly wiped out. Braddock himself was killed. Only Washington's men using "Indian tactics" (guerilla fighting) prevented a total catastrophe. Clearly, a new style of fighting was needed in America (not the European style of fighting in an open field with lines of troops). A rash of Indian uprisings spread across America from frontier Pennsylvania to North Carolina. Rewards were offered to whites for Indian scalps. British defeats mounted as they tried unsuccessfully to take wilderness posts. CAUSED HURON TO EXPAN THE WARPATH TO PV
Quebec
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain. Huguenots were not allowed to settle here. Beginnings of what would become a large territory.
Robert de La Salle
Founded Lousiana. Frenchman who followed the Mississippi River all the way to the Gulf of Mexico, claiming the region for France and naming it Louisiana in honor of King Louis XIV Three years later, he tried to fulfill his dreams by returning, but instead landed in Spanish Texas and was murdered by his mutinous men in 1687.
French Huguenots (Protestant minority)
French Protestants who were granted toleration by the Edict of Nantes (1598) but not permitted to settle in New France due to conflict with Catholics back in France The Huguenots were a groups of French Protestants that lived from about 1560 to 1629. Protestantism was introduced into France between 1520 and 1523, and the principles were accepted by many members of the nobility, the intellectual classes, and the middle class. At first the new religious group was royally protected, but toward the end of the reign of King Francis I they were persecuted. Nevertheless, they continued to grow.
Huron Indians
Had good relatioins with the French, allied with them in the French indan war. Rivals with the iriquois.
Fort Duquesne
In Ohio valley (Pittsburgh) French fort Made to prevent british colonial settlements on their land French Declaring their land Fort Duquesne became one of the principal French outposts in the northern Ohio Valley, and, in 1754 the French troops in Fort Dusquesne destroyed nearby British Fort Necessity, after Washington and the colonial army surrendered it to them. The British rebuilt Fort Necessity as Fort Pitt in 1758.
Gen. James Wolfe
James Wolfe, handsome at 32 years old, scored a major victory at the Battle of Quebec. Quebec was considered impenetrable with its bluffs. But, Wolfe's men snuck up the cliffs, then surprised and defeated the French on the Plains of Abraham. Both Wolfe and his French counterpart Marquis de Montcalm were killed in the battle. The Battle of Quebec was a red letter event in British and American history. After Montreal fell to the British in 1760, it was all but over. British commander sent to America to capture French Quebec. Led the British to victory in the Battle of Quebec on the Plains of Abraham.
War of Jenkin's Ear (1739)
Land squabble between Britain and Spain over Georgia and trading rights. Battles took place in the Caribbean and on the Florida/Georgia border. The name comes from a British captain named Jenkin, whose ear was cut off by the Spanish. A Spanish commander cut off an English Captain Jenkins' ear. The war was small and played out in the Caribbean and the buffer colony of Georgia. It merged with the larger War of Austrian Succession and became known as King George's War. The British invaded Ft. Louisbourg (guarding the entrance to New France) and took it. The peace treaty gave Louisbourg back to the French. The English were outraged.
Quebec (1759)/Montreal (1760)
Led by James Wolfe. Two opposing armies faced each other on the Plains of Abraahm. Montreal fell in 1760 and the Treaty of Paris ended the battle and got rid of the French in power from North American continent. Gave Great Britain dominance in North America and became leading naval power in the world.
William Pitt
The Prime Minister of England during the French and Indian War. Brilliant British leader who made possible the defeat of the French in the French Indian war. "organizer of victory" chose good generals. British secretary of state during the French and Indian War. He brought the British/colonial army under tight British control and started drafting colonists, which led to riots. Just as things were going terribly for the British, a strong leader stepped up in William Pitt, the "Great Commoner" who became the "Organizer of Victory." Pitt made some changes in the war... He took the focus off of the French West Indies (this sapped British resources). He put the focus on Quebec and Montreal (since they controlled the supply routes into New France). He replaced old, cautious officers with young, daring officers. Pitt's plan worked.
Louisbourg (1758)
The Siege of Louisbourg was a pivotal operation of the Seven Years' War (known in the United States as the French and Indian War) in 1758 that ended the French colonial era in Atlantic Canada and led directly to the loss of Quebec in 1759 and the remainder of French North America the following year.
Queen Anne's War
The second of the four wars known generally as the French and Indian Wars, it arose out of issues left unresolved by King Williams' War (1689-1697) and was part of a larger European conflict known as the War of the Spanish Succession. Britain, allied with the Netherlands, defeated France and Spain to gain territory in Canada, even though the British had suffered defeats in most of their military operations in North America. The French coureurs de bois and the British colonists. Both sides recruited Indian allies. Both sides agreed that America wasn't worth risking regular troops. Pro-France Indians ransacked Schenectady, New York, and Deerfield, Mass. The British failed to take Quebec and Montreal, but did temporarily seize Port Royal. The English won the war and a peace treaty was signed at Utrecht (1713) It gave the British Acadia (renamed as Nova Scotia), Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay. It pinned the French down to the settlements along the St. Lawrence River. It gave the British trading rights with Spanish Florida.
Proclamation of 1763
This was an English law enacted after gaining territory from the French at the end of the French and Indian War. It forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. The Colonists were no longer proud to be British citizens after the enactment. This caused the first major revolt against the British.
George Washington
Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Lived at Mount Vernon. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States. Very young, 21. Virginia's claimed 500,00 acres in the ohio valley. Problem, french had already claimed this territory as part of New France. GW sent with 150 malicia men to ensure Vaginia's claim
Peace of Paris (1763)
What was it?: The Treaty of Paris, 1763 was a crushing defeat for France and victory for Britain. France was kicked out of North America completely. This meant Britain got Canada and the land all the way to the Mississippi River. France was allowed to keep sugar plantations in the West Indies and 2 islands in the St. Lawrence for fishing purposes. France was forced to give the Louisiana (including New Orleans) territory to Spain.
Acadia
french territory won by the British in Queen Anne's War
Albany Congress (1754)
inter colonial congress summoned by Benjamin Franklin to provide a system for taxes; keep Iroquois loyal to British; defense from France; colonists- did not want to relinquish control of their right to tax themselves, nor unite together. Problem: only 7 out of the 13 colonies sent delegates to the congress, which shows the lack of colonial unity. A conference in the United States Colonial history form June 19 through July 11, 1754 in Albany New York. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French Held by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. After receiving presents, provisions and promises of Redress of grievances. 150 representatives if tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause.
