Chapter 6 Biochem

An Atom that has a greater affinity for electrons than another is described as more ____ than the other

electronegative

In addition to glucose, which of the following organic compounds can serve as energy sources for microbes? -fatty acids -phosphate -disaccharides -Lipids -Monosaccharides -Proteins -Polysaccharides

-fatty acids -disaccharides -Lipids -Monosaccharides -Proteins -Polysaccharides All EXCEPT phosphate

The energy released by ___ is captured by cells to make ATP; this ATP can then be used for biosynthesis, or ___.

Catabolism; Anabolism

Aerobic Respiration and Anaerobic respiration...

....Both Use Electron transport chain

When a single molecule of glucose is processed by glycolysis in an E. coli cell, which of the following make up the net gain of this process? 1) 2 Molecules of ATP 2) Six precursor metabolites 3) 4 molecules of ATP 4) 2 molecules of NADH 5) 0 Precursor metabolites

1) 2 Molecules of ATP 2) Six precursor metabolites 4) 2 molecules of NADH

Rank energy-generating processes from greatest energy yielding to least energy yield

1) Aerobic Respiration 2) Anaerobic Respiration 3) Fermentation

Which of the following are true about glycolysis 1) the pathways split glucose and oxidize it to form 2 molecules of pyruvate 2)The pathway provides the cell with alot of ATP, reducing power and precursor metabolites 3)The pathway provides the cell with a little t of ATP, some reducing power and 6 precursor metabolites 4)Pathway splits glucose and reduces it to 2 moles of pyruvate

1) the pathways split glucose and oxidize it to form 2 molecules of pyruvate 4)Pathway splits glucose and reduces it to 2 molecules of pyruvate

Which of the following is a true statement regarding forms of energy 1)Energy can be changed from one form to another 2)When the form of energy is change, some is lost forever, 3)Energy can be created when it changed from one form to another, such as hydroelectric dam generating electricity 4) The total amount of energy in the universe changes continuously as some is created and some is destroyed

1)Energy can be changed from one form to another

Which of the following correctly describes the transition step and the TCA cycle? 1) The TCA cycle generates most of the ATP for the cell 2) The TCA cycle reduces a 2-carbon acetyl group to release two molecules of Co2 3) The TCA cycle oxidizes a 2-carbon acetyl group to release two molecules of Co2 4) The transition step converts the pyruvate from glycolysis to acetyl-CoA 5) Together they generate the most reducing power of all the central metabolic pathways

3) The TCA cycle oxidizes a 2-carbon acetyl group to release two molecules of Co2 4) The transition step converts the pyruvate from glycolysis to acetyl-CoA 5) Together they generate the most reducing power of all the central metabolic pathways

Certain intermediates of catabolic pathways, called precursor metabolites are important because _____

They serve as carbon skeletons from which subunits of macromolecules can be made

When a cell processes glucose or other organic molecules through its central metabolic pathways, it does so to generate which 3 critical things

ATP, reducing power, and precursor metabolities

The main energy currency of cells is ATP, which stands for

Adenosine Triphosphate

Which types of organisms are, or include groups that are capable of photosynthesis? Fungi, Algae, Plants, Bacteria, or Animals

Algae Plants Bacteria

Recall that E. coli can grow in glucose-salts medium, which contains only glucose and a few inorganic salts. This means the glucose is serving what two purposes in the cell?

Energy Source A starting point from which all cell components are made

Free energy is best defined as ...

Energy available to do work

In the pathway of ____, cells break down glucose via glycolysis and then use pyruvate or a derivative as a terminal electron acceptor

Fermentation

The Three key metabolic pathways that gradually oxidize ___ to Co2 are collectively referred to as the central metabolic pathways

Glucose

Metabolic Activities regarding Kinetic Energy involves... Chemical Energy involves...

Kinetic Energy involves... Photons of light Chemical Energy involves... Chemical Energy

Which of the following are important electrons carriers for a cell?

NAD+, NADH NADP+/NADPH FAD/ FADH2

In Aerobic respiration, ___ serves as the terminal electron acceptor

O2

When cells use glucose to make amino acids and other subunits for biosynthesis, certain intermediates of catabolism called ____ metabolites exit the "deconstruction line" of the breakdown process

Precursor

In order for cells to obtain energy, they remove electrons from an energy source and ultimately donate them to the terminal electron acceptor. What does this tell us about the electron affinity of the energy source and the terminal electron acceptor

The energy source has a lower affinity for electrons and the terminal electron acceptor has a higher affinity for electrons.

In Photosynthesis, what do the light reactions, or light-dependent reactions accomplish?

They capture radiant energy and convert it to chemical energy in the form of ATP

The step that links glycolysis to the TCA cycle is called the ____ step

Transition

The series of sequential chemical reactions in a cell that converts a starting compound to an end product is called a _____ pathway

metabolic