Chapter 6:

What steps can organizations take to increase employ. motivation?

The design of compensation systems Individual-focused: Piece-rate Merit pay Lump-sum bonuses Recognition awards Unit-Focused: Gainsharing Organization-Focused: Profit sharing

What is psychological empowerment? What four beliefs help create a sense of empowerment among employees?

A form of motivation derived from the belief that one's work tasks are contributing to some larger purpose Fostered by four beliefs: 1. Meaningfulness 2. Self-Determination 3. Competence 4. Impact

What is motivation?

A set of forces that originate within an employee that initiates work-related effort and determines its direction, intensity, and persistence. Performance = Motivation x Ability x Environment

What is Goal Setting theory? What two qualities make goals strong predictors of task performance?

Motivation is fostered when employees are given specific and difficult goals rather than no goals, easy goals, or "do your best" goals Goals should be: Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Results based and Time sensitive SPECIFIC & DIFFICULT

What is Expectancy Theory, and what are the three beliefs that help determine how work effort is directed?

Motivation is fostered when the employee believes three things: That effort will result in performance - EXPECTANCY That performance will result in outcome- INSTRUMENTALITY That those outcomes will be valuable- VALENCE

What is Equity Theory?

Motivation is maximized when an employee's ratio of "outcomes" to "inputs" matches those of some "comparison other" Thus motivation also depends on the outcomes received by other employees

How does motivation affect job performance?

The motivating force with the strongest performance effect is Self-Efficacy, followed by Goal Difficulty.