Chapter 6

Churches, clubs, businesses, and soccer leagues are all elements of __________. Select one: a. civil society b. political culture c. political trust d. civic duty

civil society

Some political thinkers are concerned about U.S. stability if __________ continues to grow. Select one: a. suffrage b. polarization c. the civil society d. American exceptionalism

polarization

Studies of __________ look for basic, general values regarding politics and government. Select one: a. political culture b. public opinion c. political radicalization d. political theory

political culture

Despite their lack of natural resources, Singapore, Taiwan, and Hong Kong have experienced high economic growth thanks to their __________. Select one: a. work ethic and willingness to trust one another b. religious convictions c. cultural focus on rugged individualism d. universal higher education programs

work ethic and willingness to trust one another

What is one example of a way in which socialization through families and socialization through mass media reinforce each other? Select one: a. A father objects to a particularly violent video game, but his son plays it anyway at a friend's house. b. A mother runs for a local council or school board seat, partly to set an example of political participation for her children. c. Parents decide to homeschool their children due to objections to the public school curriculum. d. A family sits down to dinner most evenings with talk radio in the background.

A family sits down to dinner most evenings with talk radio in the background

Why is it significant that California made English its official language in 1986, and in 1998 eliminated bilingual education? Select one: a. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld these policies, which encouraged other states to pass similar laws. b. California is often an indicator of nationwide trends. c. The U.S. Supreme Court found California's policies unconstitutional. d. California is by far the most liberal state in the country.

California is often and indicator of nationwide trends

While it is common for governments to socialize through their education system, which of the following countries have engaged in the most overt political socialization in schools? Select one: a. England and France b. United States and England c. China and France d. China and Canada

China and France

Why did the Communist regime's attempt to socialize schoolchildren fail in Poland? Select one: a. Communist ideas conflicted with the values that Polish families taught. b. Communism was most heavily adopted in the Polish countryside, where there were fewer schools. c. Communist lessons were usually taught in Russian rather than Polish, and the children did not understand them. d. Communism was already failing by the time it reached Poland.

Communist ideas conflicted with the values that Polish families taught

__________ has grown in the political cultures of most advanced democracies. Select one: a. Ideological rigidity b. Optimism c. Religious evangelism d. Cynicism

Cynicism

What is one direct consequence of people demanding their "rights" in the absence of a corresponding sense of responsibility? Select one: a. Demands placed on government become impossible to meet. b. Disgruntled voters start dangerous, extremist political movements. c. Membership in the Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts increases dramatically. d. Voters stop attending church regularly.

Demands placed on government become impossible to meet

How does a mobile society contribute to political polarization? Select one: a. People intentionally move to areas where there are large numbers of people they can convert to their views. b. People intentionally move to swing states to help turn them red or blue. c. People intentionally move to live near others who share their worldview and lifestyle. d. People intentionally move to find better jobs, and employers generally want their employees to share their political views.

People intentionally move to live near others who share their worldview and lifestyle

How does political competence compare with political efficacy? Select one: a. Political competence is concerned with knowing those who have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact. b. Political competence is concerned with knowing how to have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have such a political impact. c. Political competence is concerned with being able to pass a citizenship test about national history, whereas political efficacy is concerned with making sure no one in society feels powerless. d. Political competence is concerned with knowing why political events occur, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have a political impact.

Political competence is concerned with knowing how to have a political impact, whereas political efficacy is concerned with feeling one has at least some power to have such a political impact

According to Theodor Adorno, a high score on his F-Scale personality test indicates __________. Select one: a. potentially fascist or authoritarian tendencies b. a fundamentalist approach to religion c. a need for Freudian psychoanalysis d. fantasy-based logic, or a lack of critical thinking skills

Potentially fascist or authoritarian tendencies

Which of the following is a minority subculture? Select one: a. Hindus in India b. Caucasians in America c. The Han in China d. Quebecois in Canada

Quebecois in Canada

Why is declining membership in traditional organizations such as the Boy Scouts insufficient evidence that Americans are becoming less interested in organizing? Select one: a. People who would have once joined the Boy Scouts have joined the Tea Party instead. b. Rates of volunteerism and membership in other organizations are still high. c. Many people now prefer to make charitable donations online rather than in person. d. Many of the skills the Boy Scouts learned are now being taught in outdoor education programs in the public schools.

Rates of volunteerism and membership in other organizations are still high

What do studies on political culture and public opinion have in common? Select one: a. They are notoriously inaccurate and flawed. b. Responses are often tracked over time to find patterns. c. They deal exclusively with qualitative data. d. They are always snapshots in time, and therefore have no long-term relevance.

Responses are often tracked over time to find patterns

What is one reason that distrusting the government can be a good thing? Select one: a. Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to notice and oppose government corruption. b. Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to vote in midterm elections. c. Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to run prosperous businesses. d. Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to hold moderate political views.

Skeptical citizens are more likely than trusting citizens to notice and oppose government corruption

How is the United States able to loudly proclaim its democratic values in the face of its history of low voter turnout? Select one: a. A majority of American voters believe it is more patriotic to stay home rather than vote due to their belief in smaller government. b. American citizens generally see democracy more as a virtue to be exported abroad rather than practiced at home. c. Voter turnout is the most crucial aspect of democratic culture, but surveys measuring American voter turnouts have historically been inaccurate. d. Voter turnout is not an inherently crucial aspect of democratic culture.

Voter turnout is not an inherently crucial aspect of democratic culture

Which of the following individuals would most likely be a member of Nixon's "silent majority" in the late 1960s? Select one: a. a Republican attending church in Oklahoma b. a hippie buying LSD in San Francisco c. a student protesting the Vietnam War in D.C. d. a musician performing political songs in New York City

a republican attending church in Oklahoma

In any country in the world, which of the following people would you expect to participate the most in politics? Select one: a. a pastor at a small-town church b. a professional poker player c. a wealthy business leader d. a college student taking courses in the social sciences

a wealthy business leader

One plausible explanation for Quebec's desire for separation from Canada is that __________. Select one: a. mainstream culture is inherently shallow and inferior b. bilingualism and multiculturalism can lead to national fragmentation c. nations need one national language for true patriotism to take hold d. the Quebecois became far too liberal to fit in with the rest of Canada

bilingualism and multiculturalism can lead to national fragmentation

A subculture can be expected to have __________ than the mainstream culture around it. Select one: a. different voting habits b. less education c. more liberal political views d. stronger religious views

different voting habits

Most Iranians __________ what they see and read in the Iranian media, which is controlled by __________. Select one: a. implicitly trust; Islamic conservatives b. implicitly trust; the shah c. doubt; Islamic conservatives d. doubt; the shah

doubt; Islamic conservatives

Convention delegates tend to be more __________ than average voters. Select one: a. religious b. mainstream c. apathetic d. educated

educated

Governments often engage in overt socialization through __________. Select one: a. education b. peer groups c. families d. international organizations

education

Which of the following is the strongest source of political socialization? Select one: a. school b. family c. mass media d. peer groups

family

What source of socialization works through the use of parades with flags and soldiers, proclamations of top leaders, and prestigious sporting events such as the Olympics? Select one: a. education b. civil society c. powerful subculture d. government

government

Incomplete or late attempts to integrate subcultures into the mainstream may cause those subcultures to seek __________. Select one: a. assimilation b. amnesty c. independence d. asylum

independence

During the Kennedy and Johnson administrations, __________ was portrayed as vital to national security. Select one: a. multiculturalism b. racial homogeneity c. separate but equal schools d. integration

integration

In terms of their political subculture, African-Americans tend to be __________ and __________ than white Americans. Select one: a. more affluent; more conservative b. more affluent; more liberal c. less affluent; more conservative d. less affluent; more liberal

less affluent; more liberal

Some scholars, including Robert Putman, argue that watching a lot of television makes people __________ and less interested in civil society. Select one: a. less intelligent b. less moderate c. more obese d. more passive

more passive

Case studies have revealed that the United States is much __________ than other industrial countries. Select one: a. less religious b. more nationalist c. more religious d. less diverse

more religious

Political culture changes __________. Select one: a. only through deliberate effort by politicians b. automatically with new elections c. more than was once assumed d. less than was once assumed

more than was once assumed

The annual income of the average convention delegate is __________ the annual income of the average voter. Select one: a. slightly lower than b. much higher than c. about the same as d. slightly higher than

much higher than

A country's political culture tends to be __________. Select one: a. easily quantifiable b. permanent c. multifaceted d. homogenous

multifaceted

The 1959 and 1960 surveys of 1,000 people in five countries conducted by Almond and Verba uncovered three political cultures. What were they? Select one: a. c. voter, subject, and parochial b. d. participant, subject, and secular c. a. participant, subject, and parochial d. b. participant, subject, and religious

participant, subject, and parochial

Lower levels of education, along with corresponding lower incomes, reduce the likelihood that people will __________. Select one: a. hold nationalist views b. participate in politics c. feel powerless d. support democracy as a concept

participate in politics

Because they can be voted out of office if the people are galvanized, politicians usually work to keep the public __________. Select one: a. weak but well-educated b. voting and well-informed c. passive and quiet d. passionately interested

passive and quiet

Public opinion studies rarely go beyond __________. Select one: a. concerns of daily life, such as the price of milk b. a particular regional focus c. qualitative data, such as historical experience d. quantified data, such as poll results

quantifies data, such as poll results

Political culture is a combination of deeply held values and __________. Select one: a. the size of the civil society b. the prosperousness of a nation's elite c. reactions to current events d. political cynicism

reactions to current events

For centuries Spain was split by __________, creating "Two Spains." Select one: a. southern and northern coasts b. region and religiosity c. small-town and big-city d. agrarian and industrial culture

region and religiosity

Which of the following viewpoints is most consistent with elite political culture? Select one: a. The political bureaucracy is impossible to navigate. b. Voting is a waste of time. c. Politicians are all lawyers who will say whatever they think you want to hear. d. Running for office is viable and realistic.

running for office is viable and realistic

The years of Watergate, the Vietnam War, and inflation correlated with a __________ in citizens' trust in the U.S. government. Select one: a. sharp decline b. barely noticeable decline c. barely noticeable rise d. sharp rise

sharp decline

Surveys indicate that faith in democracy is __________ in the United States than in other modern democracies, such as France and Germany. Select one: a. weaker b. more ridiculed c. more erratic d. stronger

stronger

What is one likely explanation for the fact that the 2001 tax cuts favored the wealthiest Americans? Select one: a. Thanks to their resources, wealthy people know how to identify and bribe corrupt politicians. b. Thanks to their education and resources, wealthy people are cynical and parochial. c. Thanks to their resources, wealthy people do not need a high level of education or political competence to see their policy agenda fulfilled. d. Thanks to their education and resources, wealthy people have both political competence and political efficacy.

thanks to their education and resources, wealthy people have both political competence and political efficacy

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision by the Supreme Court led to __________. Select one: a. the end of racial segregation in schools b. the establishment of English as the national language c. gender equality in school athletics d. a ban on bilingual education

the end of racial segregation in schools

Even if they were real, the Norwegian Americans of the fictional Lake Wobegon, Minnesota, would not constitute a political subculture because __________. Select one: a. they are mainstream b. they do not teach their children the Norwegian language c. they are white d. they have never sought independence

they are mainstream

In order to create a mainstream culture in which most Americans feel at home, the United States has relied largely on __________ and its education system. Select one: a. religious integration b. voluntary integration c. overt political socialization d. racial segregation

voluntary integration

The act of __________ is merely the starting point for political participation. Select one: a. running for political office b. a. voting c. spreading awareness about political issues d. joining a political party

voting