Chapter 6 - History

What were the three main advantages of the French Empire heading into the war? (You can bullet point your answer)

Single colonial gov. vs colonies' many gov. Montreal + Quebec = strongly fortified More help from the Indians than the English

New Quartering Act

Soldiers had to be quartered in Boston, and sometimes lived in their houses

How did William Pitt's leadership change the way the British were approaching the war?

Takes over 2 years in the war. He says they were not spending enough money, and he was involved in fighting for the Americans.

Quebec Act

***not really part of the Coercive Acts - allowed the French Catholic Canadians to move to Ohio Valley

Give some of possible British justifications for stricter enforcement of the trade laws.

- Because "they said so," and they were the boss - They owe money and need to collect it

The Coercive Acts

1. What/Who? A series of Acts put in force by parliament after the Boston Tea Party - Boston Port Bill - June 1, 1774 - Port is closed until tea is paid - Act of Impartial Administration - British Officials who commit crimes can be tried in Canada and England instead of America a (make it hard for people to show up to court) - New Quartering Act - soldiers had to be quartered in Boston, and sometimes lived in their houses - Massachusetts Government Act - one town meeting per year and upper half of legislature appointed - Quebec Act - ***not really part of the Coercive Acts - allowed the French Catholic Canadians to move to Ohio Valley 2. When? 1774 3. The British Empire's view. Were very angry about the Boston Tea Party, and wanted to punish the Americans as well as try to get more control over them/get them in order 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. Were very angry, and these acts were pretty unbearable. The colonists were very angry and had many protests 5. The British Empire's counter-response. Eventually repealed some acts, but some weren't repealed until much later And finally, as the Americans and English prepared for War... 6. Talk of the states and personalities of the First Continental Congress. 12 delegates of the 13 colonies, made for discussing plans for the country or sorting things out 7. What were the goals of the Congress? What did they accomplish? To help America run better and to be more organized and 'in-sync'

The Tea Act

1. What/Who? Act of British Parliament 2. When? May 10, 1773 3. The British Empire's view. Wanted to bail the East India Tea Company 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. Claimed it was a monopoly for the British, and had the Boston Tea Party 5. The British Empire's counter-response. They were very angry at this, and had harsh punishments and acts for the Americans

The Declaratory Act of 1766

1. What/Who? An act of Great Britain's parliament, stating that British Parliament had the same power in America as it did in Britain 2. When? 1766 3. The British Empire's view. Thought it would be a good way to make profit without going to extremes of the Stamp Act 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. Did not like this because they felt like Britain was trying to take too much control 5. British Empire's counter-response Repealed much later afterward

The Townshend Acts

1. What/Who? Britain trying to raise money in the colonies to pay for debt, and to help Britain take more control in the colonies and especially their trade. The tax was on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea 2. When? 1767 - 1770 3. The British Empire's view. Raised tax to try to get money from America and gain more control 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. Colonies hated this; they were beginning to want to be their own country and did not want to pay more taxes or give Britain more control. They began to boycott and avoid buying anything that was from/had to do with Great Britain. 5. The British Empire's counter-response Britain couldn't really do anything about the boycotts, and eventually Parliament repealed the tax on all of the products except tea in 1770. This was the last of the 'Acts' that led up to the Boston Massacre. Parliament takes some British troops out of America (specifically Boston) after the Massacre.

The Boston Massacre

1. What/Who? British soldiers and people in Boston, - dock workers got mad at the soldiers and told them to shoot, eventually starting a full fledged battled. 2. When? March 5, 1770 3. The British Empire's view. British soldiers were taunted and told to fire, they eventually did 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. The men who did this were probably drunk, but it made a big impact on America 5. The British Empire's counter-response. Were mad that their soldiers were fired at for no reason Pulled troops out of Boston Repeal some of the Townshend acts (except the tea tax)

The Proclamation of 1763

1. What/Who? British/Indians 2. When? October 7, 1763 3. The British Empire's view. The British don't want to spend more money, so they say the Americans can't move there so that they don't fight with the Indians and it saves Britain from spending to much money. 4. An American Colonist's view and/or response. They didn't agree with what the British wanted them to do, so they moved there anyways 5. The British Empire's counter-response They kind of said what ever

The Sugar Act

1. What/Who? It expanded the power of the Vice Admiralty Courts and allowed Writs of Assistance. Americans weren't paying before at a higher price, but now they were being forced to pay at a lower price, so really they were paying a higher price 2. When? 1764 3. The British Empire's view. It would help Britain make money for the colonies, and also hurt the French West Indies trade as well as other parts of the triangular trade area. Britain thought the Americans should pay their fair debt of war. 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. The Americans thought that they had done their fair share of work by 'paying with their blood.' This damaged the economy on the colonies as well. 5. The British Empire's counter-response It helped them at first, but this act along with others would lead to rebellion in the colonies

The Quartering Acts

1. What/Who? Parliament, red coats, and colonies, specifically New York, Massachusetts, and Boston. Keeps the British troops in the colonies. Americans had to supply food, funds, and living quarters for them. 2. When? 1765 and again in 1774 3. The British Empire's view. Thought it was a great idea, and they would not have to pay as much. It would protect the colonists, save money and trouble and would also make Americans pay taxes. 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. Most colonists did not want to have to pay for the soldiers, can protect themselves, and don't need them. They also do not want the soldiers forcing them to pay taxes. 5. The British Empire's counter-response They enforced it anyways, but what they didn't realize was that this was one of the final acts that put so much pressure and then finally exploded into the Revolutionary War.

The Boston Tea Party

1. What/Who? People in Boston, Colonists dumped huge shipment (worth 1.7 million today) of tea into the harbor 2. When? December 16, 1773 3. The British Empire's view. Wanted to bail out the East India Tea Company, so they made the tea cheaper but forced (with British soldiers) the colonists (if they wanted to buy it) to pay the low price instead of smuggle it, which is what they had previously been doing. 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. 5. The British Empire's counter-response. Were very angry at what the colonists did, and made the Intolerable Acts (Coercive Acts)

The Stamp Act

1. What/Who? Put a tax on all paper items in the colonies, involved with tax collectors 2. When? March 22, 1765 3. The British Empire's view. They wanted to make money off of the colonies, and they thought the Americans should pay their fair share. 4. An American colonist's view and/or response. All of the tax collectors quit their jobs because they were so angry. The Americans viewed this as a direct attempt for England trying to get money from the colonies. They tarred and feathered people, and in as many ways as they could, tried to rebel. 5. The British Empire's counter-response. They would shame the tax collectors, but kept the law, creating rebellion in the colonies and backfiring the bullet. 6. What is the difference between an internal tax and an external tax? Internal taxes - taxes put on objects or land; very widespread and common, still in use today External Taxes - taxes on importing/exporting goods, usually in shipping towns

Writs of Assistance/Vice-Admiralty Courts

1. What/Who? Writ - instant search ward 2. When? 1761/1764 3. The British Empire's view. Useful and helped counteract smuggling in the colonies 4. An American Colonist's view and/or response. The colonies did not like this at all, and it created many problems for the colonists. They were being denied their rights as Englishmen 5. The British Empire's counter-response Didn't care, but eventually it was the base for the 4th amendment in the constitution in 1787

1. Who? 2. When? 3. Why? 4. Where? 5. Result?

1. Who? Europe - British vs. French America - English & Iroquois vs. French, Spanish, Huron, and Algonquians 2. When? 1754 - 1763 " 7 Years war 1754 - 1763 3. Why? French fought to keep their territory and stand their ground, because they wanted to make establishments in America also. The French spreading into America was causing conflict with the colonies, leading to many battles, but the war was only officially confirmed 1756, not 1754 4. Where? Colonies fought for Britain in America The North American colonies a main part was the Ohio River 5. Result? Britain gained some land, but there was a peaceful ending to this war. The French were still allowed to keep part of what they had. Peace treaty was signed, and French were permitted to keep most of their lands. Strengthened the American colonies.

Explain how the American colonists felt about England's Salutary Neglect in a military form From looking at the series of wars prior to the French and Indian War

Americans were mad that they payed with their own blood and then the English told them to put everything back the way it was. The Americans had seen examples of this before. Britain wanted money and didn't care about the personal lives of the colonists as much as they wanted to thrive. On the other hand, it helped America gain independence and see what life was like without the British's constant rule.

What plan did Benjamin Franklin propose that would foreshadow the future for the American Colonies? What were the key components of this plan?

Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany plan. The Albany plan was an amazing idea, but no one could agree on it. The Indians said the Americans were taking too long, and they became neutral. The Albany plan aimed at unifying the colonies

Act of Impartial Administration

British Officials who commit crimes can be tried in Canada and England instead of America a (make it hard for people to show up to court)

What were some of the good results of the French and Indian war for Great Britain? What problems did it create? (This will have many answers - you are welcome to bullet-point them)

Colonists: - Gained most of the French's North American establishments - Gained military experience - Saw British military weakness England: - Doubled North American empire+ - Owed $200 million+ - - Huge territory to govern, protect, and develop- Solutions: - Proclamation of 1763 - Enforce Navigation Acts - The Quartering Acts

What were three advantages of the British Empire heading into the French and Indian War? (You can bullet point your answer).

English has more people - 1,485,000 people lived in the English colonies, France had 70,000 British militia + colonial government vs. fur trade companies Self-supportive colonies vs. France need of supplies Stronger navy

What does "status quo antebellum" mean? Why did it make the American colonists so upset?

It means that everything goes back to the way it was before the war. The colonists were upset because they were fighting and dying, and England just said to put everything back. The colonists had fought for so much, the English hadn't helped them, and they were trying to make them put everything away as if nothing happened

Boston Port Bill

June 1, 1774 - Port is closed until tea is paid

Massachusetts Government Act

One town meeting per year and upper half of legislature appointed

What was the name of the European side of the French and Indian War?

The 7 year war.

What did the term Salutary Neglect mean?

The Americans were left to their own devices as England was preoccupied with other wars and issues, and the colonies came to take care of themselves. England mainly neglected them because they were busy, and far away. Salutary Neglect ends when the French and Indian war ended.

What were the key provisions of the Treaty of Paris of 1763?

The treaty of Paris was between America and Great Britain, and put an end to the Revolutionary War, and emphasized the independence of America. The French gave up all of its land in North America. This ended any foreign military threat to the British colonies.