Chapter 6: Learning

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

cognitive map

Which of the following is an example of a variable interval reinforcement schedule?

Winona checks her cellphone at random times throughout the day instead of every time she hears the voicemail notification

Kieran is attempting to condition a parrot to greet him when he enters the room. He repeatedly pairs his entry to the room with a treat for the parrot. Kieran can say that ________ has occurred as soon as the parrot greets him in response to his entry.

acquisition

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

model

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

rewarding a child for finishing his oatmeal mush and counting how many times the child needs to be rewarded before he finishes his oatmeal voluntarily

Mia is taught to go to sleep when the light is turned off. However, for many months Mia no longer falls asleep when the light is turned off. Later, Mia begins to fall asleep when the light is turned off again. This is an example of ________.

spontaneous recovery

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

fixed interval

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

higher order

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

knowing you will get to play miniature golf as soon as you collect 10 gold stars for your reward chart

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Edward C. Tolman

Which statement about B. F. Skinner is correct?

He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning: The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Edward C. Tolman

Which of the following is an example of a variable ratio reinforcement schedule?

Joyce playing scratch-off lottery tickets

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

One can learn new behaviors by observing others

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

classical conditioning

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

emotion can be a conditioned response

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

negative reinforcement

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus

If a slamming door is a conditioned stimulus, then being able to distinguish between the sound of a slamming door and the sound of a heavy item being dropped would represent ________.

stimulus discrimination

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

vicarious punishment