Chapter 6: Life Span Development

Work, family, and stress best describe the life stage known as: A. middle adulthood. B. adolescence. C. late adulthood. D. early adulthood.

D

Stealing from a parent's wallet and denying it when caught is an example of _______ reasoning. A. postconventional B. psychosocial C. conventional D. preconventional

D

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is MOST often related to: A. hypotension. B. medication use. C. kidney failure. D. atherosclerosis.

D

The low normal systolic blood pressure for a 30-year-old is: A. 60 mm Hg. B. 70 mm Hg. C. 80 mm Hg. D. 90 mm Hg.

D

The risk of bleeding in the skull, which increases with age, is MOST directly related to: A. blood vessel dilation. B. a decrease in neurons. C. meningeal deterioration. D. shrinkage of the brain.

D

From birth to 1 month old, a person is called a(n): A. infant. B. toddler. C. neonate. D. newborn.

C

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the: A. elasticity of the lungs decreases. B. surface area of the alveoli increases. C. overall size of the airway decreases. D. diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge.

A

In what age range do toddlers and preschoolers fit into? A. 1 to 6 years B. 2 to 8 years C. 2 to 7 years D. 0 to 5 years

A

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because: A. their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally. B. an infant's ribs are brittle and are less able to expand. C. their intercostal muscles are not functional. D. their diaphragm does not receive impulses from the brain.

A

One consequence of the loss of neurons among elderly persons is a(n): A. change in sleep patterns. B. steady decline in intelligence. C. inability to reproduce. D. loss of physical skills

A

The maximum life expectancy for humans is estimated to be _______ years. A. 120 B. 78 C. 67 D. 56

A

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant? A. places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up B. knows his or her name, can walk without any assistance C. responds to his or her name, crawls around efficiently D. walks without help, becomes frustrated with restrictions

A

Which of the following is a physical change that typically occurs in the adolescent age group? A. Secondary sexual development begins. B. Muscle and bone growth both decrease. C. The normal pulse rate steadily increases. D. The systolic blood pressure decreases.

A

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct? A. Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer. B. Women in the middle adult age group typically experience menopause in their late 50s or early 60s. C. Significant impairments in hearing and vision begin to occur in persons between the ages of 41 and 44 years. D. Increased cholesterol levels in the middle adult age group often do not respond to exercise and diet.

A

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because: A. the blood vessels become stiff. B. the arteries dilate significantly. C. diastolic blood pressure decreases. D. the blood thickens as a person ages.

A

You are dispatched to a call for a 4-month-old infant with respiratory distress. While you prepare to take care of this child, you must remember that: A. small infants are nose breathers and require clear nasal passages at all times. B. assisted ventilations in infants often need to be forceful to inflate their lungs. C. the infant's proportionately small tongue often causes an airway obstruction. D. an infant's head should be placed in a flexed position to prevent obstruction.

A

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8-year-old boy cradling his swollen deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm 'snapped' when he jumped into the sand below. An adult bystander tells you that the boy kept trying to impress his friends with more and more dangerous stunts on the play structure prior to the injury. This is an indication of ________ reasoning. A. conventional B. preconventional C. unconventional D. postconventional

A

You suspect that a 75-year-old man has internal injuries after he fell and struck his ribs and abdomen on the corner of a table. When assessing and treating an injured patient of this age, you must recall that: A. his ability to physiologically compensate for his injury may be impaired due to an inability to increase cardiac output. B. it is not uncommon to observe heart rates in excess of 150 beats/min in elderly patients with internal injuries. C. blood pressure is usually adequately maintained because the blood vessels of older people can contract easily. D. functional blood volume in patients of this age steadily increases due to increased production of red blood cells.

A

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should: A. obtain the majority of your information from one of her parents. B. inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible. C. avoid asking questions that she will feel uncomfortable answering. D. recall that patients in this age group prefer not to be treated as adults.

B

At what age can an infant normally start tracking objects with his or her eyes and recognizing familiar faces? A. 7 months B. 2 months C. 4 months D. 10 months

B

Clingy behavior and the fear of unfamiliar people or places are normal among 10-to 18-month-old children and are commonly caused by _______ anxiety. A. bonding B. separation C. avoidant D. mistrust

B

Kidney function declines by _______ between the ages of 20 and 90 years. A. 10% B. 50% C. 45% D. 20%

B

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of: A. 18 and 22 years. B. 19 and 25 years. C. 21 and 30 years. D. 25 and 35 years.

B

The pulse rate of a child from ages 6 to 12 years is approximately: A. 60 to 100 beats/min. B. 70 to 120 beats/min. C. 90 to 140 beats/min. D. 100 to 150 beats/min.

B

When assessing an 80-year-old patient in shock, it is important to remember that: A. it is common to see a more significant increase in heart rate than what would be expected in younger adults. B. age-related changes in the cardiovascular system may make the patient less able to compensate for decreased perfusion. C. the patient's cardiac output is able to increase by nearly 200% in response to the decrease in perfusion. D. in older adults, it is especially common to observe a significant decrease in heart rate in response to shock.

B

When encountering a patient with depressed fontanelles, you should suspect: A. respiratory distress. B. dehydration. C. atherosclerosis. D. nephrosis.

B

Which of the following is an anatomic difference between children and adults? A. The ribcage of an infant is less flexible than an adult's. B. An infant's tongue is proportionately larger than an adult's. C. The trachea of an infant is proportionately longer than an adult's. D. An infant's head accounts for less body weight than an adult's.

B

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age? A. decreased food intake, decreased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels B. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production C. increased physical activity, increased food intake, and increased insulin production D. decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased blood sugar levels

B

You are assessing a 13-month-old female who is running a fever and has been vomiting. While you are performing your physical examination on this child, you will MOST likely find that she: A. is unable to track your movements with her eyes. B. responds to her name but is fearful of your presence. C. will readily allow you to separate her from her mother. D. has bulging fontanelles secondary to severe dehydration.

B

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8-year-old boy cradling his swollen deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm 'snapped' when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect to find a respiratory rate of between _______ and _______ breaths/min with this patient. A. 12; 20 B. 15; 20 C. 10; 15 D. 20; 30

B

An adolescent is a person between the ages of: A. 6 and 12 years. B. 3 and 6 years. C. 12 and 18 years. D. 10 and 19 years.

C

Diastolic blood pressure tends to _______ with age. A. decrease B. compensate C. increase D. decompensate

C

What is 'vital capacity'? A. The volume of blood moved by each contraction of the heart B. The maximum thickness of the meninges C. The volume of air moved during the deepest points of respiration D. The amount of air left in the lungs following exhalation

C

Which of the following is NOT a common factor that would affect a 75-year-old patient's vital signs? A. medications B. overall health C. increased weight D. medical conditions

C

You are dispatched to a public park in the middle of a sprawling for an arm injury. You arrive to find a crying 8-year-old boy cradling his swollen deformed left forearm. His friends tell you that he was holding onto the bars of the play structure and that his arm 'snapped' when he jumped into the sand below. You would expect this boy's pulse to be: A. between 60 and 80 beats/min. B. higher than 150 beats/min. C. most likely above 90 beats/min. D. around 70 beats/min.

C

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because: A. the infant's total blood volume decreases with age. B. his or her normal heart rate usually increases with age. C. as the infant gets older, his or her blood vessels dilate. D. blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

D

Maturation of the reproductive system usually takes place during: A. early adulthood. B. preschool. C. middle adulthood. D. adolescence.

D

What do middle adults tend to focus their time and energy on? A. Raising a family B. Excelling in a career C. Achieving life goals D. Creating a self-image

C