Chapter 6: Lipids- triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols

Phospholipids contain both a hydrophobic and hydrophilic portions, which attract and repel water.

T

What are some things you can do to reduce fat intake?

Trim fat Steam meats Choose lean meats

The classes of lipids include ______.

sterols triglycerides phospholipids

A trans fatty acid is similar in structure to a saturated fatty acid because the hydrocarbon chain is relatively ______.

straight

The most common forms of cardiovascular disease in the US include ______

stroke heart disease

The class of nutrients that consists of triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols is called

Lipids

Digesting is a more complicated process than digesting , because the majority of this type of nutrient in foods are not water soluble and the digestive process involves considerable amounts of water.

Lipids Carbs

The classification of fats and oils is based on the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Truue

One in three adult Americans suffer from some form of ______ disease, which includes heart disease and stroke.

cardiac

atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis

long-term disease process in which plaques build up inside the arterial walls a loss of arterial flexibility or "hardening of the arteries"

The digestive enzyme that removes two fatty acids from each triglyceride molecule is called ______.

pancreatic lipase

are a type of prescription drug that reduces a person's elevated blood lipid levels.

statins

Which cooking method best reduces fat intake?

steaming

Obesity, certain cancers, and cardiovascular disease are all serious health conditions that often result from consuming high amounts of _____.

lipids

What are the major functions of fatty acids and triglycerides in the body?

to provide energy to insulate and protect the body to aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins

Phospholipids contain a portion, which attracts water, and a portion, which repels water.

Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Lipid storage diseases ______.

genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells damaging tissues.

Maintaining cell membranes, insulating the body against cold temperatures, cushioning the body against bumps and blows, and contributing to body contours are all traits of which nutrient?

lipids

Which of the following substances are types of lipids?

triglycerides and cholesterol

What is the chemical structure of an omega-3 fatty acid?

It contains the first carbon-carbon double bond on the third carbon from the omega end of the carbon chain.

Which form of unsaturated fatty acid contains a chemical structure similar to that of saturated fatty acids?

trans

Scientific evidence suggests that dietary cholesterol does not have as much effect on blood cholesterol as dietary

trans Fats

A saturated fatty acid is completely filled with ______ atoms.

Hydrogen

The major adverse health conditions associated with consuming high amounts of fat are _____.

-obesity -heart disease -stroke -certain cancers

The Adequate Intake (AI) of alpha-linolenic acid for men (ages 19-50 years old) is g/day and the AI of alpha-linolenic acid for women (ages 19-50 years old) is g/day.

1.6, 1.1

Engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity at least ________ minutes a week and balancing energy intake with energy expenditure helps people achieve and maintain healthy body weights..

150

Which of the following is an enzyme in the walls of capillaries that breaks down their load of triglycerides into fatty acids and glycerol?

Lipoprotein lipase

The AMDR is 20 to 35% for fat and should come predominately from ______, such as fish, nuts, and vegetable oils.

polyunsaturated fatty acids monounsaturated fatty acids

Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.refined

refined carbohydrates alcohol

Digesting ________ is a more complicated process than digesting _________, because the majority of this type of nutrient in foods are not water soluble and the digestive process involves considerable amounts of water.

fats; carbs

What enzyme breaks down triglycerides into free fatty acids and glycerol in the bloodstream?

Lipoprotein lipase

is found only in foods that contain animal products.

Cholesterol

is the long-term process in which plaques build up inside arterial walls.

Atherosclerosis or artherosclerosis

Choose the statements that are true regarding plant food sterols and stanols.

Plant sterols have blood cholesterol-lowering properties. Plants contain sterols similar to cholesterol.

Which of the following tests should a doctor perform to determine a person's risk for developing atherosclerosis?

Test triglyceride levels Check blood pressure Request lipoprotein profile

Reducing the consumption of saturated fat and maintaining a total dietary intake of fat no greater than 35% of total calories will most likely cause a person's risk of developing atherosclerosis to ______.

decrease

In a healthy person, the liver synthesizes ____ cholesterol when dietary cholesterol intake is higher.

less

Which of the following dietary changes can help reduce the risk of developing CVD?

reducing alcohol intake increasing dietary fiber reducing intake of refined sugar

Choose the following dietary changes that will most likely lower the risk of atherosclerosis development.

reducing consumption of saturated fat to less than 10% of total Calories replace foods that are rich in saturated fats with foods higher in unsaturated fats limit trans fat intake

Reducing the intake of ______ will help reduce blood triglyceride levels.

refined carbohydrates alcohol

A(n) ______ fatty acid is completely filled with hydrogen atoms.

saturated

Dietary fats and oils are classified as saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated based on

the type of fatty acid present in greatest concentration.

Which of the following substances are types of lipids?

-Cholesterol -Triglycerides -Saturated fatty acids

Which drug is commonly prescribed to help people reduce elevated blood lipid levels?

Statins

Cholesterol lowering margarines contain plant , which may lower cholesterol in people with mildly elevated cholesterol levels.

Sterol

The direct benefits of physical activity include _____

achieving healthy body weight reducing blood LDL cholesterol level maintaining a healthy body weight

Excess body fat around the midsection of the body is associated with ______.

high blood LDL cholesterol high triglyceride levels

Glycerol, fatty acids, monoglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipid fragments are the end products of digestion.

lipid or fat

Genetic conditions that cause lipid accumulation in cells, which damages tissues are called

lipid storage disease

An omega-3 fatty acid is

unsaturated

To check a person's risk for ______, a physician checks blood pressure, listens to blood flow in your carotid arteries, and requests a lipoprotein profile to assess serum HDL, LDL, and triglyceride levels.

atherosclerosis, CVD, or cardiovascular disease

Eating foods that are rich sources of _____ can reduce LDL cholesterol levels.

dietary fiber

Hard particles that accumulate in the gallbladder or become lodged in one of the ducts carrying bile from the gallbladder to the small intestine are called

gallstone