chapter 6 nutrition

___________ initiates denaturation, the first step in breakdown of a protein. e. Hydrochloric acid in the stomach

e

A protein chain is made up of amino acids hooked together by peptide bonds. a. True

a

A vegan diet centers around grains, legumes, vegetables, fruits, and nuts and excludes all dairy, eggs, poultry, and meat. a. True

a

Assuming that John's ideal weight is 180 pounds, calculate his recommended protein intake (RDA). a. 65 grams

a

Brian eats 210 g of protein and 2,500 calories. Is he within the AMDR recommendation for protein intake? a. Yes, he is within the recommendation of 10to 35percent.

a

Flaxseed oil and soybean oil are good sources of omega-3 fatty acids. a. True

a

From which of the following would you expect the amino acids in the protein to be most easily absorbed by the body? a. Chicken

a

If amino acids are oversupplied, their amine group is excreted and the fragments that remain are converted to ____. a. glucose, glycogen, or fat

a

Jill and John are out to dinner and deciding what to order. Which choice most closely follows the guidelines from your text for selecting healthy protein sources? a. Thai mixed vegetables with shrimp and brown rice

a

John has been eating a typical high-protein diet ever since he began working out regularly. Which description most likely characterizes his diet? a. It is often low in fruits and vegetables.

a

MyPlate food guide identifies legumes as the only food featured in two different categories, the Grain group and the Protein Foods group. a. True

a

The main difference between a food intolerance and a food allergy is the ____. a. involvement of the immune system

a

The only treatment for food allergies is to avoid the offending food. a. True

a

The quality of a protein depends upon the proportion of ____. a. essential amino acids present

a

There is no practical source of vitamin D in plant foods. a. True

a

Vegans need to take care to get enough dietary ______ since binders in plant foods may reduce the availability of the nutrient to the body. a. Zinc

a

What health effect is associated with a vegetarian, plant-based eating pattern? a. Lower rates of heart disease

a

What is a reliable source of vitamin B12 for a vegan? a. Fortified soy milk

a

What is responsible for causing the symptoms seen during an allergic reaction such as inflammation, itching, hives, dilation of blood vessels, and a drop in blood pressure? a. Histamines

a

What is the relationship between body proteins and water? a. Proteins attract water.

a

When there is a great shortage of amino acids, the body must break down such tissues as blood, muscle, and skin. a. True

a

Which combination of foods fails to provide all of the essential amino acids? a. Pasta with whole-wheat bread

a

Which food selection is the lowest in protein? a. An apple

a

Which health claim has been approved by the FDA for usage on bean packages and cans? a. "Diets including beans may reduce your risk of heart disease and certain cancers."

a

Bonnie, who has a peanut allergy, peruses the refreshment table at a bridal shower. She sees a plate stacked with sandwich triangles: some made with peanut butter, and some with pimento cheese. Which statement is true? b. It is unsafe for Bonnie to eat a pimiento cheese sandwich because of potential cross-contamination.

b

Complementary protein sources must be eaten within two hours of one another to meet the body's need for essential amino acids. b. False

b

Eating only plant foods will not provide enough protein to meet daily needs. b. False

b

Essential amino acids are those that the healthy adult body can synthesize, given the needed parts. b. False

b

Food allergies and food intolerances differ only in their severity of the reaction and symptoms. b. False

b

Four friends are dining out, and the waiter brings their orders, but one of them is wrong. Which person's order is incorrect? b. Minnie, an lacto-vegetarian who is served a mushroom-tomato omelet

b

Jill's research on the risks of excess protein should lead her to give what advice to John? b. John should consider the grams of protein rather than just a percentage of calories for appropriate protein intake.

b

Legumes are rich in B vitamins and ____. b. fiber

b

Of all the roles proteins play in the body, which one has the highest priority? b. Energy

b

Only when consumption of carbohydrate and fat calories is insufficient will protein be converted to fat. b. False

b

Protein is primarily used by the body as an energy source. b. False

b

Soybeans are a legume which means this plant-based protein source is of lower quality compared to an egg. b. False

b

The DRI recommend a protein intake of _____ gram(s) per kilogram of desirable body weight per day. b. 0.8

b

The amino acids in a strand of protein are similar to the identical repeating structure of sugars in carbohydrates. b. False

b

The average American's protein intake features ____. b. excess intake of animal proteins

b

The mineral ______ is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet. b. calcium

b

Vegans are at particular risk for a vitamin C deficiency. b. False

b

What is special about soy protein? b. It is the only vegetable food that is a complete protein.

b

What is the meaning of the term "protein-sparing"? b. If the diet provides enough carbohydrates and fats for energy, protein can be used to make new proteins.

b

Which two minerals need special attention in the diets of all vegetarians? b. Iron and zinc

b

With energy needs met in the diet, excess protein is stored as muscle or lean body mass. b. False

b

______ are compounds that function to maintain a constant pH in the body. b. Buffers

b

________ are special proteins that inactivate foreign bacteria and viruses. b. Antibodies

b

__________ is the disruption of a protein chain's normal shape due to heat or acidity. b. Denaturation

b

A total of ____ amino acids compose the majority of protein in living things and nine are ____ to humans. c. 20; essential

c

If a man consumes 95 grams of protein and 2,400 total calories per day, approximately what percentage of calories would he derive from protein? c. 15

c

Jennifer is following an 1,800-calorie weight loss plan where 30% of her daily calories are supposed to come from protein. How many grams of protein should Jennifer try to eat each day? c. 135g

c

Joe is a college student interested in getting more muscular. A friend suggests that drinking a shake with raw eggs will increase his muscle mass. You tell him that one reason for cooking eggs prior to their consumption is that it releases ____. c. iron and biotin

c

Maggie explains to her mother that there are different types of vegetarian eating patterns. Which type of vegetarian would consider incorporating foods that are fortified in omega-3 fatty acids? c. Vegans

c

Maggie suggests to her mother that they should try some different types of foods that include soybeans. What soy-containing food is a soft cheese-like food that is commonly stir-fried? c. Tofu

c

Matt is at his ideal weight of 190 pounds. How much protein would you recommend he consume daily? c. 69 grams

c

Which of the following is not an assumption that recommendations for protein intake are based on? e. Dietary protein is of high quality only.

e

Now that John is eating protein bars and shakes, he is consuming more protein and calories daily than he requires. What most likely happens to the excess protein? c. It is converted to fat for energy storage.

c

Soybeans differ from other legumes because they ____. c. supply all of the essential amino acids

c

The best advice for someone who is a vegetarian to obtain enough protein in the diet is to ____. c. consume a varied diet on a daily basis

c

Tim is a 24-year-old college student who learns that he is allergic to shrimp. What advice would you give Tim? c. Do not eat shrimp at all.

c

What happens if the diet is lacking an essential amino acid? c. Protein synthesis will be halted.

c

Which food is least likely to cause food allergies? c. Rice

c

Your friend LaTonya says she wants to make sure she's getting enough protein without getting too much. What advice would you give her? c. At least 2/3 of each meal should consist of plant-based foods such as legumes, vegetables, and whole grains.

c

________ is the vitamin that is most likely to be lacking in a vegan diet. c. Vitamin B12

c

_________ is found in all proteins but is absent in carbohydrates or fats. c. Nitrogen

c

A food contains 21 grams of protein, 12 grams of carbohydrate, and 5 grams of total fat. What is the percentage of calories from protein in this food? d. 47 percent

d

An amino acid that is not necessary in the diet is called a ________. d. nonessential amino acid

d

Enzymes are ____. d. specific for a particular reaction

d

The recommendations for protein are based on the assumption that the consumed protein will come from ____. d. plant and animal sources

d

The recommended amount of legumes is _______ for a 2,000-calorie diet. d. 1 ½ to 2 cups weekly

d

What is the percent digestibility of most plant proteins? d. 70-90

d

What statement best describes meat analogs? d. They are vegetable protein products that simulate meat products.

d

What would be the best way for Denarius to modify his prize-winning chili recipe to make its protein content more healthful? d. Reduce the amount of ground beef and add more kidney beans and celery.

d

When amino acids are degraded for energy or glucose production, their amine groups are incorporated by the liver into ____. d. urea

d

When protein reaches the ____, it is made up largely of di- and tripeptides. d. small intestine

d

Which type of vegetarian excludes all animal-derived foods except eggs? d. Ovo-vegetarian

d

The strategy of combining two plant protein foods in a meal so that each provides the essential amino acids lacking in the other features ____. e. complementary proteins

e

Which type of vegetarian would drink a glass of milk but not eat scrambled eggs? e. Lacto-vegetarian

e