Chapter 6: Plant Classification

What kind of roots grow straight down into the soil?

Taproot

What kind of leaves have branching veins?

Dicot

What three things are roots responsible for in plants?

Absorb water and nutrients. Affect the size and health of the plant. Help anchor the plant in the soil.

What type of plant produces flowers and fruit?

Angiosperm

What are two main differences between angiosperms and gymnosperms?

Angiosperms have flowers, and their seeds are protected inside a fruit. Gymnosperms do not have flowers, and their seeds develop inside cones. The seeds are protected only by the seed coat.

What kind of flower grows, flowers, and produces seeds i one growing season?

Annual

Why do trees grow wider?

Because the cambium cells produce more xylem and phloem.

What kind of plants need two growing seasons to fully develop?

Biennial

What are three examples of vascular plants?

Club moss, horsetail, and ginkgo

The majority of gymnosperms are what?

Conifers

What are the tiny seed leaves of the embryo?

Cotyledon

What are 4 types of gymnosperms?

Cycads, ginkgoes, gnetophytes, and conifers.

What are tightly coiled developing fronds?

Fiddlehead

What are the leafy branches of a fern?

Fronds

What type of plant produces seeds that usually develop inside a cone and are protected by only the seed coat?

Gymnosperm

What kind of plants have soft, green stems?

Herbaceous

What are vascular plants with tall, hollow, jointed stems?

Horsetails

What kind of flowers have petals in groups of three?

Monocot

Angiosperms are usually classified by their seed structure as either what or what?

Monocots or dicots.

Plants that do not have tubelike structures to transport water are classified as what?

Nonvascular

What kind of roots does a dicot have?

One long taproot with secondary roots branching off of it.

What kind of plant can live for three or more years?

Perennial

What kind of tubes carry sugars and food throughout the plant?

Phloem

What is the first root that emerges from a seed called?

Primary root.

What is a sticky substance that protects a pine tree from diseases and insects when a branch is broken?

Resin

Mosses have small, rootlike structures called what?

Rhizoids

Ferns and horsetails grow from underground stems called what?

Rhizomes

What is a food storage stem of some plants?

Tuber

When plants are classified by how they transport water, scientists group them as what?

Vascular or nonvascular.