Chapter 6 - PrepU

If a cell containing 10 chromosomes divides by mitosis, how many chromosomes will be in each daughter cell? a) 26 b) 5 c) 20 d) 10 e) 2

10

A woman who was selected to have her entire genome sequenced would discover that she had at least ___ homolog(s) for every chromosomal gene. a) 4 b) 3 c) 1 d) 2 e) 0

2

How many daughter cells are produced from one cell undergoing mitosis? a) 2 b) 4 c) 1 d) 8 e) 12

2

If a cell containing 10 chromosomes divides by mitosis, how many daughter cells will be produced? a) 20 b) 5 c) 15 d) 2 e) 10

2

A karyotype of one of your skin cells would reveal a total of 46 chromosomes. How many of these are maternally inherited autosomes? a) 23 b) 22 c) 46 d) 24 e) 21

22

In humans, the haploid number, n equals: a) 23. b) 2n. c) 3n. d) 23 pairs. e) 46.

23.

If a cell containing 20 chromosomes divides by meiosis, how many daughter cells will be produced? a) 10 b) 20 c) 8 d) 2 e) 4

4

The human genome comprises: a) 46 chromosomes. b) 48 chromosomes. c) 46 pairs of chromosomes. d) an X and a Y chromosome. e) 23 chromosomes.

46 chromosomes.

1. telophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. prophase 5. interphase Which of the following lists most accurately represents the sequence of the phases of the mitotic cell cycle? a) 3-2-4-5-1 b) 1-2-3-4-5 c) 2-3-5-4-1 d) 5-4-2-3-1 e) 4-5-3-1-2

5-4-2-3-1

What would be the chromosome number in a human cell that is triploid (for each type of chromosome)? a) 11 1/2 b) 92 c) 46 d) 69 e) 23

69

In a cell in which n = 23, the independent assortment of chromosomes during meiosis can by itself give rise to how many genetically different gametes? a) 92 b) 23 c) 46 d) 184 e) There is not sufficient information to answer this question.

92

Crossing over refers to the exchange of genetic material between two homologous chromosomes. Which of the following statements about this event is correct? a) Crossing over is more likely to occur between two genes that are widely separated on the chromosomes. b) Crossing over is more likely to occur between two genes that occur next to each other on a chromosome. c) Crossing over is more likely to occur with recessive alleles than with dominant ones. d) Both a) and c) are correct. e) Both b) and c) are correct.

Crossing over is more likely to occur between two genes that are widely separated on the chromosomes.

DNA replication occurs during the _____________ phase of the cell cycle. a) Gap 1 b) DNA Synthesis c) cytokinesis d) mitotic e) Gap 2

DNA Synthesis

A diploid cell undergoes meiosis. What are the products of this division? a) Two polar bodies b) Four haploid cells c) Four diploid cells d) Two haploid cells e) Two diploid cells

Four haploid cells

Which of the following are the three stages of interphase (in the mitotoc cell cycle)? a) S-phase and prophase b) prophase and metaphase c) Gap 1, Gap-2 and prophase d) Gap-1, S-phase and Gap-2 e) Gap-1 and Gap-2

Gap-1, S-phase and Gap-2

During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA replicated? a) Interphase b) Prophase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) Telophase

Interphase

Beginning with interphase, put the following stages of the mitotic cell cycle into the correct sequence by numbering them from 1-6.

Interphase (Gap-1) Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Cytokenesis

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of mitotoc cell cycle (starting with Interphase (Gap-1)? a) Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase, Cytokenesis b) Interphase (Gap-1), Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase c) Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis d) Interphase (Gap-1), Prophase, Telophase, Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Anaphase e) Interphase (Gap-1), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2

Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis

Which of the following is the correct order of the stages of mitotoc cell cycle (starting with Interphase (Gap-1)? a) Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase, Cytokenesis b) Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis c) Interphase (Gap-1), Prophase, Telophase, Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Anaphase d) Interphase (Gap-1), Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2, Metaphase, Prophase, Telophase, Anaphase e) Interphase (Gap-1), Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis, S phase, Gap-2

Interphase (Gap-1), S phase, Gap-2, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase, Cytokenesis

During which phase of the cell cycle do the chromosomes align in one plane at the center of the cell? a) Interphase b) Prophase c) Metaphase d) Anaphase e) G2

Metaphase

A karyotype is a physical representation (usually a photograph) of all of the chromosomes in a single cell; however, the cell must be in mitotic metaphase when the karyotype is made. Why? a) Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which single chromosomes move toward the poles. b) Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which the cell membrane is permeable to dye. c) Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which both sets of homologous chromosomes are present in the cell. d) Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes have condensed and aligned, but have not yet separated. e) Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which both sister chromatids of each chromosome are present in the cell.

Metaphase is the only stage of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes have condensed and aligned, but have not yet separated.

Which of the following is NOT true about the human karyotype? a) It can be made from placental tissue. b) It can be made from cells gathered by amniocentesis. c) It can reveal whether non-disjunction occurred in an egg or sperm. d) It can be used to diagnose genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis. e) It reveals the gender of the individual.

NOT - It can be used to diagnose genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis.

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is NOT true? a) Proteins are formed through all subphases of interphase. b) A cell can remain in Gap 1 indefinitely. c) The increase in cytoplasm occurs during the Synthesis phase. d) It consists of mitosis and interphase. e) Histones are synthesized primarily during DNA synthesis phase.

NOT - The increase in cytoplasm occurs during the Synthesis phase

Errors sometimes occur when DNA duplicates itself. Why might that be a good thing? a) Most errors are, in fact, good for the organism in which they occur. b) New genes can enter the population and be acted upon by evolution. c) It is a way to get rid of old defective genes. d) The DNA replication process becomes more fine-tuned the more errors it makes. e) Errors in DNA replication can never be a good thing.

New genes can enter the population and be acted upon by evolution.

The number of chromosome pairs in a species: a) is always 23. b) is greatest among insects. c) is always greater than three. d) increases with intelligence. e) None of the above are true.

None of the above are true.

Which of the following statements about the similarities and difference between chemotherapy and radiation therapy as cancer treatments is INCORRECT? a) In radiation therapy, the nearby tissue may be harmed, while in chemotherapy, the rate at which healthy cells divide may be reduced. b) Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy work by disrupting cell division. c) Both chemotherapy and radiation therapy have side-effects. d) The drugs used in chemotherapy circulate throughout the entire body, while radiation therapy directs high energy radiation only at the part of the body where the tumor is located. e) Radiation therapy has a significantly higher success rate than does chemotherapy.

Radiation therapy has a significantly higher success rate than does chemotherapy.

The enzyme DNA polymerase is most active during which of the following phases of the mitotic cell cycle? a) Anaphase b) Telophase c) Gap-1 (G1) d) Gap-2 (G2) e) Metaphase f) Synthesis (S phase) g) Cytokinesis h) Prophase

Synthesis (S phase)

The enzyme DNA polymerase is most active during which of the following phases of the mitotic cell cycle? a) Gap-2 (G2) b) Metaphase c) Cytokinesis d) Prophase e) Gap-1 (G1) f) Anaphase g) Telophase h) Synthesis (S phase)

Synthesis (S phase)

Which of the following statements about the cell cycle is NOT true? a) The Gap 2 phase immediately follows the Gap 1 phase. b) Proteins are formed through all subphases of interphase. c) It consists of mitosis and interphase. d) Histones are synthesized primarily during DNA synthesis phase. e) A cell can remain in Gap 1 for an hour, a day, a week, or a year.

The Gap 2 phase immediately follows the Gap 1 phase.

Which of the following DOES occur during Anaphase I of meiosis? a) Microtubules attach to the kinetichores of the homologous chromosomes. b) The homologous pairs align at the metaphase plate. c) The centrosomes move to each pole. d) The homologous pairs form and exchange DNA as they move toward the metaphase plate. e) The chromosomes move toward the poles.

The chromosomes move toward the poles.

Which of the following explains the fact that the Y chromosome carries nonessential information? a) A man who inherits two or three Y chromosomes as a result of an error in meiosis is fully normal. b) Eggs that are not fertilized can still develop into normal human beings. c) Women don't have a Y chromosome and are not genetically disadvantaged. d) Males are not needed in sexually reproducing species. e) Sperm contribute no genetic information to the egg in fertilization.

Women don't have a Y chromosome and are not genetically disadvantaged

Which of the pictured chromosomes are sex chromosomes? a) Y only b) X and Y only c) 22 and 23, X and Y d) X only e) All of the pictured chromosomes are sex chromosomes.

X and Y only

A man having the "super male" genotype, meaning he has one extra Y-chromosome (XYY) marries a woman who is "meta female," having an extra X-chromosome (XXX). All of the following are possible genotypes of their children, EXCEPT: a) XX. b) XXY. c) XY. d) XYY. e) YY.

YY

Which of the following human sex chromosome genotypes is not possible? a) XX b) X_ c) XXY d) YY e) XY

YY

Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes is never seen in human beings? a) XXX b) XYY c) YYY d) X_ (also written as XO) e) XXY

YYY

Which of the following does NOT contribute to variability of the offspring in sexual reproduction? a) the different ways homologous can separate in Metaphase I b) crossing over in Prophase I of meiosis c) a brother and a sister producing children together d) the swapping of genetic information between homologues during meiosis e) combining genes from two unrelated parents during fertilization

a brother and a sister producing children together

In asexual reproduction, daughter cells inherit their DNA from ____________________. a) a single parent b) a single offspring c) alternating generations d) two separate parents e) None of the above is correct; in asexual reproduction, the DNA is not inherited.

a single parent

Triplo-X syndrome is when a woman has an extra X chromosome. Using your knowledge of chromosomal inheritance, which of the following statements is most likely to be correct? a) A woman with three X chromosomes produces oocytes with two X chromosomes, which could result in her giving birth to a XXY son. b) Women with this condition are usually marked by profound mental impairment. c) This condition does not exist because a fetus with three X chromosomes cannot survive birth. d) Women with this disease are able to give birth to normal children with the normal number of sex chromosomes. e) Both a) and d) are likely to be correct.

a) A woman with three X chromosomes produces oocytes with two X chromosomes, which could result in her giving birth to a XXY son. d) Women with this disease are able to give birth to normal children with the normal number of sex chromosomes.

Which of the following are features that distinguish cancer cells from normal cells? a) Normal cells undergo cytokinesis; cancer cells do not undergo cytokinesis. b) Normal cells have contact inhibition; cancer cells have no contact inhibition. c) Normal cells divide rapidly; cancer cells divide very slowly. d) Normal cells can divide a finite number of times; cancer cells can divide indefinitely. e) Both b) and d) are correct.

a) Normal cells undergo cytokinesis; cancer cells do not undergo cytokinesis. d) Normal cells can divide a finite number of times; cancer cells can divide indefinitely. e) Both b) and d) are correct.

A karyotype: a) can be used to diagnose Down syndrome in humans. b) reveals the autosomes but not the sex chromosomes. c) can be used to determine the sex of a fetus in humans. d) can be produced only from cells in telophase of mitosis. e) Both a) and c) are correct.

a) can be used to diagnose Down syndrome in humans. c) can be used to determine the sex of a fetus in humans.

Nondisjunction: a) is the unequal division of the genetic material during cell division. b) occurs during meiosis but not mitosis. c) occurs in males but not females among mammals, and females but not males among birds. d) leads to a cell having one too many or one too few chromosomes. e) Both a) and d) are correct.

a) is the unequal division of the genetic material during cell division. d) leads to a cell having one too many or one too few chromosomes. e) Both a) and d) are correct.

Down syndrome results from which of the following chromosomal abnormalities? a) a truncated copy of chromosome 3 b) all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21 c) translocation of genetic material on chromosome 21 d) the absence of a second copy of chromosome 10 e) two Y chromosomes

all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21

Which stage of the mitotic cell cycle is illustrated above? a) prophase b) interphase c) telophase d) anaphase e) metaphase

anaphase

Separation of the chromatids at the end of metaphase leads into the next phase which is: a) pro-metaphase. b) anaphase. c) telophase. d) interphase. e) prophase.

anaphase.

Prokaryotic cells can divide via: a) mitosis. b) both mitosis and binary fission. c) meiosis. d) binary fission. e) None of the above is correct.

binary fission.

Eukaryotic cells can divide by: a) replication only. b) mitosis only. c) segregation only. d) meiosis only. e) both mitosis and meiosis.

both mitosis and meiosis.

The ability for cancer cells to divide indefinitely is made possible because: a) cancer cells break down their centromeres after every cell division. b) cancer cells rebuild their centromeres after every cell division. c) cancer cells rebuild their telomeres after every cell division. d) cancer cells avoid interphase during cell division. e) cancer cells break down their telomeres after every cell division.

cancer cells rebuild their telomeres after every cell division.

The ability for cancer cells to divide indefinitely is made possible because: a) cancer cells rebuild their centromeres after every cell division. b) cancer cells break down their telomeres after every cell division. c) cancer cells break down their centromeres after every cell division. d) cancer cells rebuild their telomeres after every cell division. e) cancer cells avoid interphase during cell division.

cancer cells rebuild their telomeres after every cell division.

Unrestrained cell growth and division that causes serious health problems is called: a) mitosis. b) cytokinesis. c) cancer. d) metaphase. e) diabetes.

cancer.

Genes are borne on structures called: a) chromosomes. b) cells. c) nuclei. d) gametes. e) alleles.

chromosomes.

The eukaryotic chromosome: a) is usually circular. b) consists of two linear strands of double-stranded DNA during Gap 1 phase. c) consists of a single linear strand of double-stranded DNA during Gap 1 phase. d) condenses only during anaphase of mitosis. e) contains no centromeres.

consists of a single linear strand of double-stranded DNA during Gap 1 phase.

The eukaryotic chromosome: a) condenses only during anaphase of mitosis. b) consists of two linear strands of double-stranded DNA during Gap 2 phase. c) contains no telomeres. d) consists of a single linear strand of double-stranded DNA during Gap 2 phase. e) is usually circular.

consists of two linear strands of double-stranded DNA during Gap 2 phase.

Sexual reproduction leads to offspring that are all genetically different from one another and from either parent. What are the three aspects of sexual reproduction that lead to this variation? a) shuffling and reassortment of homologues during mitosis; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during meiosis; and combination of alleles from two parents at fertilization. b) crossing over during the production of zygotes; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during mitosis; and combination of alleles from two parents at fertilization. c) crossing over during the production of gametes; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during mitosis; and combination of alleles from two parents during binary fission. d) crossing over during the production of gametes; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during mitosis; and combination of alleles from two parents at fertilization. e) crossing over during the production of gametes; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during meiosis; and combination of alleles from two parents at fertilization.

crossing over during the production of gametes; shuffling and reassortment of homologues during meiosis; and combination of alleles from two parents at fertilization.

The division of the cytoplasm during cell division is referred to as: a) vegetative growth. b) cytoplasm splicing. c) cytodivision. d) cytokinesis. e) None of the above is correct.

cytokinesis.

Mitosis results in: a) eight daughter cells. b) daughter cells with the same number of chromosomes but different combinations of alleles. c) daughter cells with twice as much genetic material and a unique collection of alleles. d) daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes. e) daughter cells that contain chromosomes composed of sister chromatids.

daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes.

Using a light microscope, it is easiest to see chromosomes: a) during interphase because they are uncoiled and have a more linear structure. b) during sexual reproduction. c) during mitosis and meiosis because the condensed chromosomes are thicker and therefore more prominent. d) during asexual reproduction. e) during interphase when they are concentrated in the nucleus.

during mitosis and meiosis because the condensed chromosomes are thicker and therefore more prominent

In many species of birds males are XX and females are XZ. With birds like this who is most likely to display a sex-linked recessive trait? a) The gender that's incubated at a higher temperature. b) The traits will show up equally in males and females. c) females d) Males and females are equally likely to display a sex-linked recessive trait. e) males

females

"Metafemales" are: a) females with an XXY genotype. b) females with an XXX genotype. c) females with an XX genotype. d) females with an XY genotype. e) males with an XX genotype.

females with an XXX genotype.

Sex cells having the ___________ number of chromosomes are called ____________. a) haploid ; zygotes b) haploid ; gametes c) diploid ; gametes d) diploid ; sperm e) diploid ; somatic cells

haploid ; gametes

The linear strands of DNA in eukaryotes are efficiently packed within the nucleus of the cell. The packing of DNA strands are mediated by proteins called: a) barr bodies. b) histones. c) topoisomerases. d) nucleosomes. e) DNA polymerases.

histones.

Which of the following is NOT a potential type of abnormality in chromosome structure? a) deletion: when a sequence of genetic information is taken out of a chromosome b) duplication: when a portion of a chromosome is repeated resulting in the chromosome containing additional genetic material c) homologous exchange: when two homologous chromosomes exchange information equally d) inversion: when part of a chromosome flips and reinserts in the opposite orientation on the same chromsome e) All of the above are potential causes of abnormalities in chromosomal structure.

homologous exchange: when two homologous chromosomes exchange information equally

In most bacteria, the DNA: a) is carried in a single circular chromosome. b) floats freely in the cytoplasm. Most bacteria do not have chromosomes. c) is carried in a single linear chromosome. d) is wrapped around proteins called histones. e) is carried in multiple circular chromosomes.

in a single circular chromosome.

The rate at which mitosis occurs varies dramatically for different types of cells. The most rapid cell division occurs: a) in the blood and the heart. b) on the skin. c) in the gametes. d) in the blood and the cells lining the various tissues of organs. e) in the liver and the brain.

in the blood and the cells lining the various tissues of organs.

Cancer cells differ from normal cells in two important aspects: a) a halting of all cell division and the ability to metastasize. b) apoptosis and contact inhibition. c) loss of contact inhibition and the halting of all cell division. d) the ability to metastasize and contact inhibition. e) indefinite cell division and the loss of contact inhibition.

indefinite cell division and the loss of contact inhibition.

The majority of a eukaryotic cell's life is spent in an "in-between-division" stage referred to as: a) prophase. b) interphase. c) dormant phase. d) static phase. e) S phase.

interphase

Which stage of the mitotic cell cycle is illustrated above? a) interphase b) anaphase c) metaphase d) telophase e) prophase

interphase

Which is the proper sequence of events in asexual cell division? a) interphase ; mitosis ; meiosis ; cytokinesis b) interphase ; prophase I ; metaphase I; anaphase I; telophase I; cytokinesis ; prophase II ; metaphase II; anaphase II; telophase II; cytokinesis c) interphase ; prophase ; anaphase ; metaphase ; telophase ; cytokinesis d) interphase ; prophase ; metaphase ; anaphase ; telophase ; cytokinesis e) interphase ; prophase I ; metaphase I; anaphase I; telophase I; prophase II ; metaphase II; anaphase II; telophase II; cytokinesis

interphase ; prophase ; metaphase ; anaphase ; telophase ; cytokinesis

The Gap 1, DNA Synthesis, and Gap 2 phases of the cell cycle are collectively called: a) interphase. b) cytokinesis. c) mitosis. d) prephase. e) prophase.

interphase.

The float in a toilet tank stops the filling of the tank when the water reaches a certain level. If this float is damaged so that it sinks instead, the water would overflow the tank after a flush. This scenario is similar to which of the following cellular concepts? a) loss of contact inhibition b) increase in cell suicides c) failure of cancer cells to metastasize d) the lengthening of telomeres e) loss of the ability to perform mitosis

loss of contact inhibition

Which process is necessary to prevent the doubling of genome size during sexual reproduction? a) apoptosis b) meiosis c) mitosis d) metastasis e) contact inhibition

meiosis

The stage of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are aligned in single file between the poles is called:

metaphase

Which stage of the mitotic cell cycle is illustrated above? a) telophase b) anaphase c) prophase d) metaphase e) interphase

metaphase

The stage of the cell cycle in which the chromosomes are aligned in single file between the poles is called:

methapase

The eukaryotic cell cycle consists of four phases, in the following order: a) DNA synthesis, mitosis, gap 1, and gap 2 b) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, teleophase c) gap 1, mitosis, gap 2, and DNA synthesis d) gap 1, gap 2, mitosis, and DNA synthesis e) mitosis, gap 1, DNA synthesis, and gap 2

mitosis, gap 1, DNA synthesis, and gap 2

Trisomy 21 is a consequence of _______________________, the unequal distribution of chromosomes during meiosis. a) triplet codon transcription b) cytokinesis c) crossing over d) nondisjunction e) recombination

nondisjunction

Aneuploidy (an abnormal number of chromosomes) occurs due to one particular erroneous meiotic event called: a) prophase I (replicated chromosomes condense). b) anaphase II (centromeres part). c) crossing-over (swapping genetic material between chromosome homologs). d) metaphase I (paired homologs align down equator). e) nondisjunction (chromosomes don't separate).

nondisjunction (chromosomes don't separate).

During which phase of the mitotic cell cycle does assembly of spindle apparatus occur? a) interphase b) metaphase c) prophase d) telophase e) anaphase

prophase

The stage of the cell cycle in which strands of chromatin condense to form visible chromosomes is: (use lowercase letters to fill in the blank).

prophase

Which stage of the mitotic cell cycle is illustrated above? a) telophase b) prophase c) interphase d) metaphase e) anaphase

prophase

Listed below are several events that may be observed in a cell at various stages of the mitotic cell cycle. Beginning with a cell at Gap-1, put these events in the correct sequence

protein synthesis to support normal cellular activities amount of DNA in cell is doubled (by DNA replication) assembly of spindle apparatus single file arrangement of chromosomes movement of genetic material to opposite poles reassembly of nuclear envelopes

Cytokinesis: a) occurs in animal cells but not plant cells. b) occurs during meiosis but not mitosis. c) refers to the division of a cell's cytoplasm. d) occurs prior to mitosis. e) Both b) and c).

refers to the division of a cell's cytoplasm.

Which of the following does NOT occur in a cell during the mitotic cell cycle? a) chromosomes line up in single file b) sister chromatids pair up and join at the centromere c) centromeres separate d) two daughter nuclei are formed e) cytoplasm is divided

sister chromatids pair up and join at the centromere

In multicellular organisms, the cells that undergo mitotic cellular division but not meiotic cell division are called: a) somosis cells. b) interphase cells. c) skin cells. d) germ cells. e) somatic cells.

somatic cells.

Mitosis results in: a) haploid gametes. b) somatic daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes. c) diploid gametes. d) somatic cells with twice as much genetic material and a unique collection of alleles. e) four daughter cells.

somatic daughter cells with the same number and composition of chromosomes.

During which phase of the mitotic cell cycle does reassembly of nuclear envelopes occur? a) metaphase b) S-phase c) anaphase d) prophase e) telophase

telophase

During which stage of the mitotic cell cycle do the chromosomes decondense back to strands of chromatin and each set of separated genetic material becomes enclosed in a nuclear envelope to form two daughter nuclei? a) telophase b) S-phase c) metaphase d) anaphase e) Gap-1

telophase

The process of cytokinesis often occurs simultaneously with which phase? a) metaphase b) telophase c) anaphase d) prophase e) interphase

telophase

During DNA replication, each strand serves as a _____________ for the new ________________ strand. a) master model; transcribed b) template; supplementary c) template; complementary d) blueprint; template e) proofreader; complementary

template; complementary

Anaphase of mitosis occurs when: a) the cell enters interphase. b) the chromosomes line up on the 'equator'of the cell. c) the nuclear envelope first breaks down. d) the chromatids begin to separate from the metaphase plate. e) the chromatin coils into thicker, visible chromatids.

the chromatids begin to separate from the metaphase plate.

Anaphase of mitosis occurs when: a) the chromatids begin to separate from the metaphase plate. b) the chromosomes line up on the 'equator'of the cell. c) the cell enters interphase. d) the chromatin coils into thicker, visible chromatids. e) the nuclear envelope first breaks down.

the chromatids begin to separate from the metaphase plate.

Generally speaking, when the female gamete (ovum) is fertilized by the male gamete (sperm), a fusion of their nuclei restores the number of chromosomes to: a) Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. b) the pre-existing gene frequency in the population. c) the double helix. d) the haploid condition. e) the diploid condition.

the diploid condition.

A karyotype reveals: a) the shape of the spindle. b) 23 pairs of chromosomes. c) the number, shapes, and sizes of chromosomes in an individual cell. d) the sex chromosomes but not the non-sex chromosomes. e) the non-sex chromosomes but not the sex chromosomes.

the number, shapes, and sizes of chromosomes in an individual cell.

Crossing over means the same as: a) incomplete dominance. b) the process by which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged. c) heterozygosity. d) independent assortment. e) the peculiar line up of homologous chromosomes.

the process by which pieces of homologous chromosomes are exchanged.

The purpose of mitosis is to enable existing cells: a) to generate new, genetically identical cells. b) to increase hormone levels. c) to generate gametes. d) to generate new, genetically diverse cells. e) to die on purpose.

to generate new, genetically identical cells.

Joseph went to a copy center and used a copy machine to make a duplicate set of 46 pages. Joseph then stapled every copied sheet to its original. This is similar to how a cell replicates its chromosomes in mitosis. For what reason would a cell do something similar during mitosis? a) to keep the cell from dividing too early b) to keep the cell from making too many copies of a particular chromosome c) to allow the cell to move onward into Gap 1 phase d) to keep the copies and originals organized for later separation e) to introduce helpful mutations that make mitosis more successful

to keep the copies and originals organized for later separation

The image above shows a human karyotype with chromosomes numbered 1 to 22. Disorders caused by a missing chromosome or an extra chromosome sometimes occur and are a consequence of nondisjunction. Trisomy occurs when there is an extra copy of a chromosome in every cell. For which of the chromosomes above would a a trisomy most likely result in a live birth rather than a miscarriage? a) trisomy 4 b) trisomy 7 c) trisomy 1 d) trisomy 2 e) trisomy 18

trisomy 18

What type of chromosomal abnormality leads to the phenotype known as Down syndrome? a) trisomy 21 b) monosomy 22 c) trisomy 22 d) monosomy 21 e) disomy 21

trisomy 21

In some species, sex is determined by environmental, rather than genetic, factors. This is true of: a) kangaroos. b) humans. c) bees. d) turtles. e) birds.

turtles

Cytokinesis in both plant and animal cells results in the formation of which of the following? a) nuclear membranes b) spindle fibers c) two haploid cells d) centromeres e) two daughter cells

two daughter cells