Chapter 6 Proteins
Non essential amino acids
Amino acids that can be manufactured by the body in sufficient quantities and therefore do not need to be consumed regularly in our diet
Essential amino acids
Amino acids not produced by the body that must be obtained from food
Edema
A disorder in which fluids build up in the tissue spaces of the body, causing fluid imbalances and a swollen appearance
Amino acids
Nitrogen-containing molecules that combine to form proteins
Transport proteins
Protein molecules that help transport substances throughout the body and across cell membranes
Complete proteins
Proteins that contain all nine essential amino acids in sufficient quantities for protein synthesis. Proteins from animal sources, and soybeans.
Incomplete proteins
Proteins that do not contain all of the essential amino acids in sufficient amounts to support growth and health
Limiting amino acid
The essential amino acid that is missing or in the smallest supply in the amino acid pool and is thus responsible for slowing or halting protein syntehsis
Mutual supplementation
The process of combining two or more incomplete protein sources to make a complete protein
Gene expression
The process of using a gene to make a protein
Translation
The process that occurs when the genetic information carried by messenger RNC is translated into a chain of amino acids at the ribosome
Transcription
The process through which messenger RNA copies genetic information from DNA in the nucleus
Complementary proteins
Two or more foods that together contain all nine essentially amino acids necessary for a complete protein. It is not necessary to eat complementary proteins at the same meal.
Peptide bonds
Unique types of chemical bonds in which the amine group of one amino acid binds to the acid group of another to manufacture dipeptides and all larger peptide molecules
transamination
the process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another to manufacture a new amino acid