chapter 6 quiz

Which domains of life are classified as prokaryotes? -Bacteria and Eukarya -Bacteria and Archaea -Archaea and Fungi -Bacteria and Protista

bacteria and archaea

Which of the following are found in plant, animal, and bacterial cells? -mitochondria -ribosomes -chloroplasts -endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes

Which organelle often takes up much of the volume of a plant cell? -lysosome -central vacuole -Golgi apparatus -chloroplast

central vacuole

Which structure below is independent of the endomembrane system? -nuclear envelope -chloroplast -Golgi apparatus -plasma membrane

chloroplast

discrete, organized structures of DNA -cytosol -chromosomes -prokaryote -eukaryote -mitochondria

chromosomes

gel-like component of the cell interior -cytosol -chromosomes -prokaryote -eukaryote -mitochondria

cytosol

The evolution of eukaryotic cells most likely involved ________. -endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into chloroplasts -endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic archaeal cell in a larger bacterial host cell to escape toxic oxygen—the anaerobic archaea evolved into chloroplasts -endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria -evolution of an endomembrane system and subsequent evolution of mitochondria from a portion of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum

endosymbiosis of an oxygen-using bacterium in a larger bacterial host cell-the endosymbiont evolved into mitochondria

cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles -cytosol -chromosomes -prokaryote -eukaryote -mitochondria

eukaryote

Which of the following is a major difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? -Prokaryotic cells have cell walls, while eukaryotic cells do not. -Eukaryotic cells have flagella, while prokaryotic cells do no -Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not. -Prokaryotic cells are generally larger than eukaryotic cells.

eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles, while prokaryotic cells do not

Which of the following organelles produces and modifies polysaccharides that will be secreted? -lysosome -mitochondrion -Golgi apparatus -peroxisome

golgi apparatus

What is the function of the nuclear pore complex found in eukaryotes? -It regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus. -It synthesizes the proteins required to copy DNA and make mRNA. -It synthesizes secreted proteins. -It assembles ribosomes from raw materials that are synthesized in the nucleus.

it regulates the movement of proteins and RNAs into and out of the nucleus

One primary advantage of light microscopy over electron microscopy is that ________. -light microscopy provides for higher resolution than electron microscopy -light microscopy provides for higher magnification than electron microscopy -light microscopy provides higher contrast than electron microscopy -light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells

light microscopy allows the visualization of dynamic processes in living cells

Suppose a young boy is always tired and fatigued, suffering from a metabolic disease. Which of the following organelles is most likely malfunctioning in this disease? -lysosomes -Golgi apparatus -mitochondria -smooth endoplasmic reticulum

mitochondria

use oxygen to generate ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, or other fuels

mitochondria

Which organelle is the primary site of ATP synthesis in eukaryotic cells? -peroxisome -mitochondrion -lysosome -Golgi apparatus

mitochondrion

Which structure is common to plant and animal cells? -chloroplast -central vacuole -mitochondrion -centriole

mitochondrion

Suppose a cell has the following molecules and structures: enzymes, DNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, and mitochondria. It could be a cell from ________. -a plant, but not an animal -a bacterium, but not a eukaryote -an animal, but not a plant -nearly any eukaryotic organism

nearly any eukaryotic organism

cell lacking a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles -cytosol -chromosomes -prokaryote -eukaryote -mitochondria

prokaryote

Examination of a cell by transmission electron microscopy reveals a high density of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. This observation suggests that this cell is actively producing large amounts of which of the following molecules? -polysaccharides -proteins -lipids -nucleic acids

proteins

Which of the following frequently imposes a limit on cell size? -the number of mitochondria in the cytoplasm -the absence of a nucleus -ratios of surface area to volume -the volume of the endomembrane system

ratios of surface area to volume

Which of the following is the most common pathway taken by a newly synthesized protein that will be secreted by a cell? -rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane -rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → nucleus -rough ER → Golgi → transport vesicle → plasma membrane -Golgi → rough ER → lysosome → transport vesicle → plasma membrane

rough ER, golgi, transport vesicle, plasma membrane

The liver is involved in detoxification of many poisons and drugs. Which of the following structures is primarily involved in this process and, therefore, abundant in liver cells? -rough endoplasmic reticulum -smooth endoplasmic reticulum -Golgi apparatus -nuclear envelope

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A cell with a predominance of smooth endoplasmic reticulum is likely specialized to ________. -store large quantities of water -import and export large quantities of protein -actively secrete large quantities of protein -synthesize large quantities of lipids

synthesize large quantities of lipids

In bacteria, DNA will be found in ________. -a membrane-enclosed nucleus -mitochondria -the nucleoid -ribosomes

the nucleoid

Which of the following would be most appropriate method to observe and measure the size of ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell? -a hand lens (magnifying glass) -standard light microscopy -transmission electron microscopy

transmission electron microscopy