Chapter 6 Skeletal system
Periosteum vs endosteum
Periosteum: a connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of a bone. Endosteum: a single layer of cells that lines the internal surfaces of all cavities within bones.
flat bones
are relatively thin, flattened shape and are usually curved.
epiphyseal plate
area of hyaline cartilage between the diaphysis and epiphysis; cartilage growth followed by endochondral ossification results in growth in bone length.
How the skeletal system provides protection
bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds.
4 major components of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments
3 types of cartilage
hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage
How the skeletal system provides movement
contraction of the skeletal muscle moves the bones, producing body movements.
articular cartilage
covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints, has no perichondrium, blood vessels or nerves.
short bones
cube shaped bones of the wrist and ankle
diaphysis vs epiphysis
diaphysis is composed of compact bone and some spongy bone
irregular bones
have shapes that do not fit the other catergories
Cartilage associated with bones
hyaline cartilage
Medullary Cavity
large cavity within the diaphysis
4 bone shapes
long, short, flat, irregular
long bones
longer in one axis than another.
skeletal system aids in blood cell production
many bones contain cavities filled with red bone marrow, which gives rise to blood cells and platelets.
red bone marrow vs yellow bone marrow
red: connective tissue in spaces of spongy bone or in the medullary cavity:the site of blood cell production. Yellow: fat stored within the medullary cavity or in spaces of spongy bone.
How the skeletal system provides storage
some minerals in the blood are taken into bone and stored.
How the skeletal system provides support
strong bones are well suited for bearing weight, cartilage provides a firm yet flexible support and ligaments are strong bands that hold bones together.