Chapter 6 Skeletal System

Red Bone Marrow vs. Yellow Bone Marrow

red bone marrow: site of blood cell formation yellow bone marrow: mostly adipose tissue

Flat Bones

a relatively thin, flattened shape/usually curved

How Does Skeletal System Provide Protection?

bone is hard and protects the organs it surrounds

4 Major Components of Skeletal System

bones, cartilage, tendons, ligaments

Articular Cartilage

cartilage covering the ends of bones where they come together (form joints)

Three Types of Cartilage

hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic

Diaphysis vs. Epiphysis

diaphysis: shaft, is composed primarily of compact bone (can contain some spongy bone) epiphysis: the part of a long bone that develops from a center of distinct from that of diaphysis

Periosteum vs. Endosteum

periosteum: connective tissue membrane (covers outer surface of bone) endosteum: single layer of cells that lines the internal surface of all cavities within bones

Irregular Bones

have shapes that do not fit readily into the other three categories

Cartilage Most Associated With Bones

hyaline cartilage

Four Types of Bone Shapes

long, short, flat, irregular

Long Bones

longer than they are wide

How Does Skeletal System Aid in Blood Cell Production?

many bones contain cavities filled with red bone marrow (gives rise to blood cells/platelets)

Epiphyseal Plate

occurs at the epiphyseal plate; separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis

How Does Skeletal System Provide Support?

rigid, strong BONE well suited for bearing weight/major supporting tissue of the body; CARTILAGE provides firm/ flexible support: LIGAMENTS are strong bands of tissue that attach to bones/hold them together

Short Bones

round or nearly cube-shaped

How Does Skeletal System Provide Movement?

skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons (strong bands of connective tissue)

How Does Skeletal System Provide Storage?

some minerals in the blood are taken into bone and stored

Sinuses

some of the flat/irregular bones of the skull have air-filled spaces

Medullary Cavity

the diaphysis of a long bone can have a large internal space