Chapter 6 Study Guide 2
Steps of HIV infection
1. HIV RNA and other viral proteins enter the cell. 2. Viral DNA is synthesized 3. Provirus appears 4. Viral DNA is transcribed into viral RNA 5. New virus particles are released
Which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?
CD4
Which of the following is the scientist responsible for first discovering viruses (tobacco virus)
Dimitri Ivanovski
A zoonosis can only be transmitted from animals to humans (T/F)
False
Any virus can infect any host cell. (T/F)
False
Prion diseases cannot be transmitted from one generation to the next. (T/F)
False
Viruses are facultative intracellular pathogens. (T/F)
False
(−)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following?
RNA polymerase encoded by the virus
Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses?
biological vector
The protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as?
capsomeres
Herpesviridae
cold sores or genital warts
How is kuru transmitted?
eating infected meat through cannibalism
Viruses can be visualized using which method?
electron microscope
______ occurs when a random piece of bacterial chromosomal DNA is transferred by the phage during the lytic cycle
generalized transduction
Which method cannot be used to detect virus in a patient's serum?
growth in pure culture
Picornaviridae
hepatitis
The lipid content of an enveloped virus is produced from the
host cell
The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following?
induction
Hemagglutinin
isolating antibodies from a patient, adding them to a virus, and seeing if the virus can clump erythrocytes
RT-PCR
making cDNA from RNA
Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion?
nm
Papillomaviridae
penile or cervical cancer
When a lawn of bacteria is grown on semisolid medium and those cells are lysed, the clear zones produced are known as
plaque
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, are caused by which of the following?
prion
Proteinaceous infectious particles are known as
prions
In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following?
prophage
Although there are no current treatments for prion infections, which of the following could be used?
proteases
All viruses are composed of 2 things
protein and nucleic acid
In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following?
provirus
The integrate genome of a retrovirus in a host cell is known as
provirus
Parvoviridae
respiratory tract infections
Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses?
reverse transcriptase
________ is an enzyme used by retroviruses to produce complementary DNA from RNA
reverse transcriptase
The liquid portion of blood that does not contain clotting factors is known as which of the following?
serum
Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease?
shingles
Poxviridae
skin lesions
A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in this scenario?
The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by specialized transduction
PCR
Using primers to amplify DNA
The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic?
the viral genome
Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses?
transduction
EIA
using antibodies to detect viral antigens (proteins)
The protein content of an enveloped virus is produced from the
viral genome
The number of virions per unit volume is known as the
viral titer
An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following?
viroid
An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following?
virusoid
Viruses that infect bacterial cells are known as
bacteriophages
Most plant viruses do not kill their host (T/F)
True
Which scientist first discovered prions?
Stanley Prusiner
(+)ssRNA can be directly used in translation at the ribosome. (T/F)
True
Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections?
adenovirus
Which of the following is not a property of a virus?
an infectious cellular pathogen
Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication?
attachment, penetration, biosynthesis, maturation, lysis
