Chapter 6 Study Guide: Chemical Reaction

What is an enzyme

A biological catalyst that lowers the activation energy of reactions in cells Ex: Saliva and stomach acid

What is chemical change? Give a few examples.

A change in matter that forms a new substance (Chemical reaction) Ex:

Double Replacemnt

A double displacement reaction, also known as a double replacement reaction or metathesis, is a type of chemical reaction where two compounds react, and the positive ions (cation) and the negative ions (anion) of the two reactants switch places, forming two new compounds or products.

What is a catalyst and how does it work?

A material that increases the rate of a reactions by lowering the activation energy...

Synthesis

A synthesis reaction or direct combination reaction is one of the most common types of chemical reactions. In a synthesis reaction two or more chemical species combine to form a more complex product. A + B → AB.

What is a precipitate?

a solid that forms out of solution during a chemical reaction

What is a chemical equation

A chemical equation is a type of relation you will encounter every day in chemistry.

Single Replacement

A single-displacement reaction, also known as a single-replacement reaction, is a type of chemicalreaction where an element reacts with a compound and takes the place of another element in that compound. This type of reaction is typically pictured like this: Here, A replaces B in the compound BC

What is an open system?

A system in which matter can enter from or escape to the surroundings

What is a close system

A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave

What is physical Change? Give a few examples.

Any change that alters form or appearance of a substance, but does not change it into another substance Ex: bending, crushing, breaking, melting, freezing, burning condensing

Decomposition

Chemical decomposition, analysis or breakdown is the separation of a chemicalcompound into elements or simpler compounds. It is sometimes defined as the exact opposite of a chemical synthesis. Chemical decomposition is often an undesired chemical reaction

What is the difference between a coefficient and a subscript?

Coeffiecient - a numerical or constant quantity placed before and multiplying the variable in an algebraic expression (e.g., 4 in 4x y) Subscript: The small letter or number representing the multiplying amount of that one thing

What happens to energy during an endothermic reaction?

It is absorbed

What happens to energy during an exothermic reaction?

It is released

Count the number of atoms for each element for the following. List them out.

Look at paper w/ examples

Know how to balance equations by changing coefficients.

Look at paper w/ examples

What is a diatomic molecule

One type of atom that will bond with itself to share electrons to have a full valence level.

Explain the Law of Conservation of matter

The law of conservation of mass or principle of mass conservation states that for any system closed to all transfers of matter and energy, the mass of the system must remain constant over time, as system mass cannot change quantity if it is not added or removed. Hence, the quantity of mass is "conserved" over time.

what is an inhibitor and what is an example

a substance that slows down or prevents a particular chemical reaction or other process, or that reduces the activity of a particular reactant, catalyst, or enzyme. Ex: fast food

List examples of evidence to show that chemical change is occurring.

changes in property and changes in energy. Precipitation, endothermic and exothermic reactions

4 ways to slow down a reaction

decrease in temp., surface area, concentration, and inhibitors

4 ways to speed up a reaction

increase in temp., surface area, concentration, and catalyst

The reactants are on the _________ and the product is on the ______________

left; right

What are the reactants and products

Reactants are the different elements that are being combined to create a product or final product

What is activation energy

The minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must posses in order to undergo a specified reaction

What were the results of the iodine clock reaction? Which test reacted fastest?

The one with the hotter temp. went faster and the one with more surface area went faster

What does the arrow mean

yeild