Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy

Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of altruism? (Select all that apply.)

• A nurse demonstrates an understanding of the culture of his or her patient. • A nurse becomes a mentor to a student nurse working on her floor. • A nurse respects the right of a Native American to call in a shaman for a consultation.

Nurses practice the professional value of autonomy when providing nursing care for patients. Which nursing actions best describe the use of this value? (Select all that apply.)

• A nurse reads the Patient Bill of Rights to a visually impaired patient. • A nurse collaborates with other health care team members to ensure the best possible treatment for a patient.

Which of the following nursing situations is an example of the care-based approach to ethics? Select all that apply

• Providing a back rub to a client on bed rest • Holding the hand of a dying client • Involving the parent in the bed bath of a child Correct

A nurse instructor is teaching students about the use of ethical agency in nursing practice. Which statements accurately represent the basic principles of ethics? (Select all that apply.)

• The ability to be ethical begins in childhood and develops gradually. • Ethics is a systematic inquiry into the principles of right and wrong conduct, of virtue and vice, and of good and evil, as they relate to conduct. • A commitment to developing one's ability to act ethically is known as one's ethical agency.

A nurse seeks to incorporate the principle of bioethics known as nonmaleficence when caring for patients in a long-term care facility. Which nursing actions best exemplify this principle?

• The nurse performs regular patient assessments for pressure ulcers. • The nurse follows "medication rights" when administering medicine to patients.

A nurse educator understands that his teaching was effective regarding the Code of Ethics for Nurses when students state which of the following?

"The code is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society."

Which best defines value clarification?

A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems

An employee health nurse is assisting a stressed, working mother with value clarification. Which of the following best defines value clarification?

A process by which people come to understand their own values and value systems.

Which of the following words is best described by the following: the protection and support of another's rights?

Advocacy

A nurse has completed four hours of his eight-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when he receives a phone call from the nursing supervisor. The nursing supervisor informs him that he needs to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that he has been busy with his client assignment and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem?

Allocation of scarce nursing resources

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission?

Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 100 A laissez-faire approach to value transmission is one that allows others, especially children, to make decisions without guidance, resulting in a decision that may not be a sound one. Teaching a child about right and wrong behavior is a more active learning strategy, and reflects the moralizing approach to value transmission. Modeling or role modeling is leading (and transmitting values) by example—in this case, not smoking electronic cigarettes to show the teenagers good behavior. Telling the child about the injection feeling like a pinch is not an approach to value transmission.

Standards for ethical practice for nurses are primarily laid out by what organization?

American Nurses Association

A client age 46 years has been diagnosed with cancer. He has met with the oncologist and is now weighing his options to undergo chemotherapy or radiation as his treatment. This patient is utilizing which ethical principle in making his decision?

Autonomy

A nurse who provides the information and support that patients and their families need to make the decision that is right for them is practicing what principle of bioethics?

Autonomy

Which of the following ethical principles is related to the idea of self-determination?

Autonomy

Which of the following theories of ethics most highly prioritizes the nurse's relationship with patients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing?

Care-based ethics

A nursing student learns to model behavior exemplified by the instructor. This is an example of?

Ethical conduct

Which of the following statements best conveys the concept of ethical agency?

Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured.

A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. Upon performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that she will return with the pain medication. The nurse's promise to return with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics?

Fidelity

A nurse is providing care for a client with cancer. The client's wife indicates that she does not want her husband to be told he is terminal. This is a breach of which of the following ethical principles?

Fidelity

A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute patient still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which of the following is the nurse attempting to enact?

Justice

A nursing faculty is presenting a lecture on ethics. The correct definition of ethical distress is:

Knowing the correct action, but unable to perform due to constraints

What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse:

Stays with the patient during his or her death as promised

A nurse is aware that the principle of autonomy is being applied in which situation?

The client has decided to stop chemotherapy treatments.

A nurse uses the utilitarian action guiding theory when deciding how to handle the following ethical conflict: A 13-year old female patient with anorexia refuses to eat food despite the fact that she is slowly starving to death. The parents insist the nurse use a feeding tube to feed her. Which statement is an example of this theory in practice?

The nurse forces food via an eating tube because the end result is good in that it will save the patient's life.

Nurses who value patient advocacy follow what guideline?

They give priority to the good of the individual patient rather than to the good of society in general.

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?

Values Values are ideals and beliefs held by an individual or group about what matters; values act as a standard to guide one's behavior. Ethics are moral principles and values that guide the behavior of honorable people. A moral is a standard for right and wrong. Bioethics is related to ethical questions surrounding life and death, as well as questions and concerns regarding quality of life as it relates to advanced technology.

A female client is brought to the emergency room with matted hair, bruising, and malnutrition. The nurse suspects physical abuse and neglect. The nurse states, "this happens to many women." Which type of ethical approach is the nurse exhibiting?

Feminist

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission?

Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted A laissez-faire approach to value transmission is one that allows others, especially children, to make decisions without guidance, resulting in a decision that may not be a sound one. Teaching a child about right and wrong behavior is a more active learning strategy, and reflects the moralizing approach to value transmission. Modeling or role modeling is leading (and transmitting values) by example—in this case, not smoking electronic cigarettes to show the teenagers good behavior. Telling the child about the injection feeling like a pinch is not an approach to value transmission.

Which of the following best describes feminist ethics?

An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which of the following indicates that the nurse knows what the purpose of an ethics committee is?

Assist in decision-making based on the client's best interests

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision?

Autonomy Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 101 Autonomy entails the ability to make a choice free from external constraints. Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Confidentiality relates to the concept of privacy. Justice states that like cases should be treated alike.

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good?

Beneficence

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good?

Beneficence Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Fidelity refers to the duty to be faithful to one's commitments. Veracity is the obligation to tell the truth. Nonmaleficence is the duty not to inflict, as well as to prevent and remove, harm; it is more binding than beneficence.

A nurse may experience ethical distress in which of the following client situations?

Continuing IV fluids for a client who wants to die

A nurse cultivates dispositions that enable practicing nursing in a manner in which he or she believes in. This nurse is displaying what essential element of ethical agency?

Ethical character

A nurse is acting inappropriately and has an odor of alcohol. This behavior breaches which of the following?

Ethical conduct

A nurse working on a critical care unit was informed by a client with multiple sclerosis that she did not wish to be resuscitated in the event of cardiac arrest. The client is no longer able to express her wishes, and the family has informed the physician that they want the client to be resuscitated. Aware of the client's wishes, the nurse is involved in a situation that may involve what?

Ethical distress

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when he or she reflects on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions?

Evaluating

A nurse is administering evening medications and notices that a medication was omitted during the day shift. Which of the following statements demonstrates the principle of accountability?

Filling out an occurrence report and notifying the health care provider

The foundation for decisions about resource allocation throughout a society or group is based on the ethical principle of:

Justice

A parent of a high school student age 17 years is allowing the child to make the decision on the college he will attend. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by informing him that he will need to make this decision on his own. This is an example of which type of value transmission?

Laissez-faire

A nurse knows the ethical term "Do not cause harm" is an example of:

Nonmaleficence

An emergency department nurse and health care team are caring for a semiconscious child age 2 years with numerous fractures and evidence of cigarette burns. They suspect child abuse. The nurse reports the family to the child abuse hotline. The nurse is following which ethical principle?

Nonmaleficence

The nurse is managing the care for a post operative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy?

Limiting visitors due to client complaining of pain

Which of the following actions most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice?

Lobbying for an expansion of Medicare eligibility and benefits

A nurse is caring for a hospitalized client. Which nursing actions demonstrate a caring and compassionate attitude? Select all that apply.

Notifying the client before leaving for lunch Offering snacks and beverages to visiting family Listening to the client tell stories about past experiences Explaining all nursing procedures clearly Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 105 One of the best methods for avoiding lawsuits is to administer compassionate care. Notifying the client before leaving for lunch, offering snacks and beverages to visiting family, explaining all nursing procedures clearly, and listening to the client tell stories are examples of a caring and compassionate attitude. Leaving the room promptly once care is completed does not demonstrate care or compassion.

A nurse shows client advocacy by doing which of the following examples?

Offering a hospice consultation to a client who is terminally ill

A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which of the following ethical principles?

Paternalism

Which of the following nursing situations is an example of an ethical dilemma?

Performing cardiac compressions when a signed Do Not Resuscitate order (DNR) is not available

A nurse believes that abortion is an acceptable option if a pregnancy results from a situation of rape. What is the best description of this belief?

Personal moral Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 103 A personal moral is a standard of right and wrong that helps a person determine the correct or permissible action in a given situation. Professional values in nursing are a set of beliefs about the worth of things, about what matters, that provide the foundation for nursing practice and guide the nurse's interactions with clients, colleagues, and the public. Ethical principles are a set of specific concepts that guide a person's actions. A legal obligation is something that is required by law.

The nursing faculty is explaining value transmission. The example of a child receiving an exemplary report from school and being given money from the parents can be described as what type of behavior?

Rewarding

A nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. The client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. The health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. Utlimately, the group arrives at a decision. The nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type?

Shared Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 108 There are three basic models of healthcare decision making. In the paternalistic model, clinicians decide what ought to be done to benefit the client, inform the client, and the client's role is to comply. In the client sovereignty model, clients or their surrogates, expressing their right to be autonomous, tell the clinician what they want, and the clinician's role is to comply. Most ethicists reject these models in their extremes and recommend a model of shared decision making, which respects and uses the preferences of the client and the expertise/judgment of the clinician. Clinical decision making is the process that results from the use of a healthcare decision-making model.

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing her judgments based on her expertise. Which of the following types of health care decision making does this represent?

Shared decision making

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent?

Shared decision making Shared decision making is recommended by most ethicists and involves considering both the client's preferences and the nurse's expertise to make the best decision. The paternalistic model involves the clinician making the decisions. The client sovereignty model involves the client making all the decisions without input from the clinician. Ethical decision making is that based on a personal or organizational code of ethics.

A client continues to complain of pain despite receiving medication. The family states, "in our culture it is acceptable to complain out loud." What would be the best response by the nurse?

Tell me more about your cultural beliefs.

Nursing students in an ethics class have been asked to define "ethics". What would be the best definition of ethics?

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics?

The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

Which of the following statements by the nurse is an example of deception?

This injection of Novocain will feel like a little pinch."

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?

Values

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters?

Values Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page. 98 Values are ideals and beliefs held by an individual or group about what matters; values act as a standard to guide one's behavior. Ethics are moral principles and values that guide the behavior of honorable people. A moral is a standard for right and wrong. Bioethics is related to ethical questions surrounding life and death, as well as questions and concerns regarding quality of life as it relates to advanced technology.

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have:

personal values. Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 98 The only information given here tells us that this nurse has personal values on a particular issues. Personal values are ideas or beliefs a person considers important and feels strongly about. Moral agency is the ability to do the ethically right thing because one knows it is the right thing to do. Ethics is a systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing. Legal obligations are behaviors and actions required by law.

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have:

personal values. The only information given here tells us that this nurse has personal values on a particular issues. Personal values are ideas or beliefs a person considers important and feels strongly about. Moral agency is the ability to do the ethically right thing because one knows it is the right thing to do. Ethics is a systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing. Legal obligations are behaviors and actions required by law.

Nurses must maintain the privacy of clients. Which example is a breach in privacy and would pose an ethical problem?

taking a picture of a client with the nurse's cell phone.

Which nursing actions best describe the use of the professional value of human dignity? (Select all that apply.)

• A nurse provides privacy for an elderly patient. • A nurse plans individualized nursing care for his or her patients. • A nurse refuses to discuss a patient with a curious friend.

A nurse needs to be aware of which professional values? Select all that apply.

• Altruism • Autonomy • Human dignity • Social Justice

A nurse is serving on an ethics committee. Which of the following are roles of the nurse? Select all that apply.

• Presenting explanations about technical terminology • Serving as a liaison between the family and the committee members • Advocating for the client's wishes

A nurse who has worked on a unit for 8 years is conflicted about asking to meet with the charge nurse about staffing ratios. Which question(s) reflect the professional value of altruism in this decision? Select all that apply.

"Am I able to provide safe and efficient care to my clients?" "Am I willing to take this risk to help protect my fellow nurses?" "Will less experienced nurses on the unit learn from my actions?" Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 101 Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Being concerned about quality of care, mentoring other professionals, and taking risks to benefit others are examples of altruism. Privacy rights reflect the professional value of human dignity. Fairness and equality reflect the professional value of social justice.

Nurses uphold human dignity when providing care. Examples of this behavior would include what? Select all that apply

• Protecting the privacy of the client • Maintaining confidentiality • Providing culturally competent care

Nurses uphold human dignity when providing care. Examples of this behavior would include what? Select all that apply.

• Protecting the privacy of the client • Maintaining confidentiality • Providing culturally competent care

Students nurses need to know about the Code of Ethics for Nurses. The Code of Ethics includes a set of principles to follow. Identify the tenets of the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Select all that apply.

• The nurse maintains standards of personal conduct. • The nurse is active in developing a core of research based principles. • The nurse holds personal information as confidential.

Which of the following are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply.

• Trustworthiness • Compassion • Humility

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent?

Shared decision making Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 17 Shared decision making is recommended by most ethicists and involves considering both the client's preferences and the nurse's expertise to make the best decision. The paternalistic model involves the clinician making the decisions. The client sovereignty model involves the client making all the decisions without input from the clinician. Ethical decision making is that based on a personal or organizational code of ethics.

The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2005) has which of the following elements? Select all that apply.

• People • Practice • Profession • Co-workers

A nurse is involved valuing. Identify the activities of value processing. Select all that apply

• Choosing • Acting • Prizing

A nurse demonstrates the professional value known as altruism when caring for clients in a long-term care facility. What nursing action demonstrates this behavior?

A nurse researches the culture of a Muslim client when planning care. The professional value of altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. In professional practice, altruism is reflected by the nurse's concern for the welfare of clients, other nurses, and other healthcare providers. It includes demonstrating an understanding of the cultures, beliefs, and perspectives of others. Altruism is demonstrated by the nurse researching the culture of a Muslim client when planning nursing care. Consulting a client when planning care to determine priorities and helping an older adult client fill out an informed consent form demonstrate the value of autonomy, which is the right to self-determination. Promoting universal access to health care for underserved populations demonstrates the value of social justice.

A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle?

Autonomy When respecting autonomy, the nurse supports the client's right to make decisions with informed consent. When promoting the client's well-being, the nurse acts in the best interests of the client. Advocacy is linked to the belief that making choices about health is a fundamental human right that promotes the individual's dignity and well-being. Beneficence is reflected by doing good and promoting what will benefit the client. Justice involves treating each client fairly. Fidelity involves being faithful and keeping promises.

A nurse pulls the curtains before changing the dressing of the surgical wound on the abdomen of a post-surgical client. What value is served?

Dignity

A client is brought to the emergency department (ED) by the son who states, "I am unable to care for my mother anymore." The nurses identifies this son's ethical problem as being which of the following?

Distress

An elderly client falls out of bed after a nurse inadvertently left the side rails down. The nurse feels guilty and is upset about the incident. This is an example of which of the following types of ethical situations?

Distress

A client is scheduled to have an elective surgical procedure performed and cannot decide if he wants to do it or not. He asks the nurse to help him make the decision because he does not feel that he knows enough about the procedure. Which of the following is the best way for this nurse to advocate for this client?

Facilitate the client's decision by allowing him to verbalize his feelings and by providing information to help him assess his options.

A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating?

Moral resilience Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 31 Moral resilience is the developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences and to emerge strong. This nurse has demonstrated that although life issues have been overwhelming, there is an emergence of strength and resilience. Moral distress occurs when you know the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action. Conscientious objection is the refusal to participate in certain types of treatment and care based on the fact that these activities violate the nurse's personal and professional ethical beliefs and standards. There is not an ethical dilemma present between the nurse and the workplace.

A nurse demonstrates the professional value known as altruism when caring for patients in a long-term care facility. What is an example of a nursing action based on this value?

A nurse researches the culture of a Muslim patient when planning nursing care.

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision?

Autonomy Autonomy entails the ability to make a choice free from external constraints. Beneficence is the duty to do good and the active promotion of benevolent acts. Confidentiality relates to the concept of privacy. Justice states that like cases should be treated alike.

A nurse is providing care to a client with end-stage cancer. After weighing the alternatives, the client decides not to participate in a clinical trial offered and is requesting no further treatment. The nurse advocates for the client's decision based on the understanding that the client has the right to self-determination, interpreting the client's decision as reflecting which ethical principle?

Autonomy Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 101-104 When respecting autonomy, the nurse supports the client's right to make decisions with informed consent. When promoting the client's well-being, the nurse acts in the best interests of the client. Advocacy is linked to the belief that making choices about health is a fundamental human right that promotes the individual's dignity and well-being. Beneficence is reflected by doing good and promoting what will benefit the client. Justice involves treating each client fairly. Fidelity involves being faithful and keeping promises.

A nursing student is studying the principle of autonomy. Which of the following examples most accurately depicts this principle?

Describing surgery to a client before the consent is signed

A nursing student reports to the instructor that a medication due at 9 a.m. was omitted. Which of the following principles is the student demonstrating?

Integrity

In the delivery of care, the nurse acts in accordance with nursing standards and the code of ethics and reports a medication error that she has made. The nurse is most clearly demonstrating which of the following professional values?

Integrity

A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating?

Moral resilience Moral resilience is the developed capacity to respond well to morally distressing experiences and to emerge strong. This nurse has demonstrated that although life issues have been overwhelming, there is an emergence of strength and resilience. Moral distress occurs when you know the right thing to do but either personal or institutional factors make it difficult to follow the correct course of action. Conscientious objection is the refusal to participate in certain types of treatment and care based on the fact that these activities violate the nurse's personal and professional ethical beliefs and standards. There is not an ethical dilemma present between the nurse and the workplace.

A nurse believes that abortion is an acceptable option if a pregnancy results from a situation of rape. What is the best description of this belief?

Personal moral A personal moral is a standard of right and wrong that helps a person determine the correct or permissible action in a given situation. Professional values in nursing are a set of beliefs about the worth of things, about what matters, that provide the foundation for nursing practice and guide the nurse's interactions with clients, colleagues, and the public. Ethical principles are a set of specific concepts that guide a person's actions. A legal obligation is something that is required by law.

A nurse is providing care to an older adult client who was just diagnosed with cancer. The client together with the immediate family discuss their preferences with the health care providers involved. The health care providers offer their clinical recommendations about possible treatments. Utlimately, the group arrives at a decision. The nurse interprets this decision-making process as reflecting which type?

Shared Explanation: There are three basic models of healthcare decision making. In the paternalistic model, clinicians decide what ought to be done to benefit the client, inform the client, and the client's role is to comply. In the client sovereignty model, clients or their surrogates, expressing their right to be autonomous, tell the clinician what they want, and the clinician's role is to comply. Most ethicists reject these models in their extremes and recommend a model of shared decision making, which respects and uses the preferences of the client and the expertise/judgment of the clinician. Clinical decision making is the process that results from the use of a healthcare decision-making model.

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the cardiac unit and observes cigarettes in the client's belongings. The nurse asks the client to consider her health and the health of her husband. Of which of the following is this is an example?

Values clarification

The nurse is managing the care of a terminally ill client whose spouse insists that all measures be continued. The nurse speaks to the spouse about obtaining a hospice consult. This is an example of "ethical" what?

Valuing

A school nurse interviewing parents of a child who is doing poorly in school determines that the parents practice a laissez-faire method of discipline. What are examples of this form of value transmission? (Select all that apply.)

• A teenage girl tries alcohol at a party with her friends. • A teenage boy explores religions of friends in hopes of developing his own faith.

Which of the following are examples of nursing situations that have a significant ethical component? Select all that apply

• Helping a client make end-of-life decisions • Addressing a suspected breach in confidentiality • Deciding how to reassign staff in light of budget cuts • Deciding when to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a client in cardiac arrest

Which of the following are examples of nursing situations that have a significant ethical component? Select all that apply.

• Helping a client make end-of-life decisions • Addressing a suspected breach in confidentiality • Deciding how to reassign staff in light of budget cuts • Deciding when to stop cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on a client in cardiac arrest

Nurses have cited specific reasons for a decrease in the quality of nursing care. Select all that apply.

• Inadequate staffing • Decreased satisfaction

Which of the following actions by the nurse demonstrate the ethical principle of fidelity? Select all that apply.

• Maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements • Performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised • Taking an extra client assignment due to high acuity

What are standards for decision making that endure for a significant time in one's life?

Values

A nurse is having lunch in the break room and overhears the other nurses talking about a difficult client in an inappropriate way. The nurses attempt to engage them in the conversation. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best represent behavior that supports the value of human dignity in nursing practice?

Saying that she believes that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that she does not want to be a part of it

Which nursing action(s) best demonstrate the ethical principle of autonomy? Select all that apply.

The nurse checks to ensure an informed consent document is signed prior to transferring the client for a surgical procedure. The nurse documents that a client refused a new medication. Chapter 6: Values, Ethics, and Advocacy - Page 104 Autonomy is respect for the client's right to make health care decisions. Informed consent and right to refuse medications are a part of autonomy. Reviewing standards of practice and checking a medication dosage are related to nonmaleficence. Yearly continuing education is related to keeping the promise to remain competent (fidelity).

A nurse arrives on the medical unit wearing large dangling earrings. This is an example of which of the following types of conduct?

Unprofessional

A nursing faculty is discussing laissez-faire values with students. Which of the following is an example of those values?

Parents allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted