chapter 6

Big data

A collection of large, complex data sets, including structured and unstructured data, which cannot be analyzed using traditional database methods and tools

___________ maintains information about various types of objects, events, people, and places.

A database

Which of the following is correct in reference to a database?

A database can support many logical views.

Foreign key

A primary key of one table that appears as an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship between the two tables

Extraction, transformation, and loading(ETL)

A process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms it using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads it into a data warehouse

Information cleansing or scrubbing

A process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information

Relational database management system

Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

Data-driven website

An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database

How would the airline industry use business intelligence?

Analyze popular vacation locations with current flight listings

Structured query language

Asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database

Classification

Assigns records to one of the predefined set of classes

Record

Collection of related data elements

Data dictionary

Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

Data mart

Contains a subset of data warehouse information

Database management system

Creates, reads, updates, and deletes data in a database while controlling access and security

Attributes

Customer name, distributor ID, product price

Entity

Customer, distributor, product

What is the ultimate outcome of a data warehouse?

Data marts

Data visualization

Describes technologies that allow users to see or visualize data to transform information into a business perspective

Data quality audits

Determine the accuracy and completeness of its data

Estimation

Determines values for an unknown continuous variable behavior or estimated future value

Affinity grouping

Determines which things go together

Variety

Different forms of structured and unstructured data Data from spreadsheets and databases as well as from email, videos, photos, and PDF's, all of which must be analyzed

Primary key

Field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given record in a table

Dynamic information

Includes data that change based on user actions

Static information

Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action

What is static information?

Includes fixed data incapable of change in the event of a user action

______ can present the results of large data analysis looking for patterns and relationships that monitor changes in variables over time.

Infographics

Which of the following occurs when a system produces incorrect, inconsistent, or duplicate data?

Information integrity issue

Complete

Is a value missing from the information? Example: Is the address complete including street, city, state, and zip code?

Which of the following would not be considered part of the unique characteristics of high-quality information?

Is aggregate information in agreement with detailed information?

Consistent

Is aggregate or summary information in agreement with detailed information? Example: Do all total columns equal the true total of the individual item?

Unique

Is each transaction and event represented only once in the information? Example: Are there any duplicate customers?

Timely

Is the information current with respect to business needs? Example: Is information updated weekly, daily, or hourly?

Accurate

Is there an incorrect value in the information? Example: Is the name spelled correctly?

Data model

Logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures

Database

Maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)

What is the practice of gathering data and ensuring that it is uniform, accurate, consistent, and complete, including such entities as customers, suppliers, products, employees, and other critical entities that are commonly integrated across organizational systems?

Master data management

Transactional information

Packaging slip, airline ticket, sales receipt, hotel reservation, restaurant receipt, shipping invoice

How would the technology industry use business intelligence?

Predict hardware failures

Analytical information

Product sales, sales projections, future growth, trends, quarterly sales forecast, industry growth perspective, market trend analysis

Metadata

Provides details about data

Clustering

Segments a heterogeneous population of records into a number of more homogeneous subgroups

Dynamic website information

Stored in a dynamic catalog, or an area of a website that stores information about products in a database

Entity

Stores information about a person, place, thing, transaction, or event

Relational database model

Stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables

____________ has a defined length, type, and format and includes numbers, dates, or strings such as customer address.

Structured data

____________ asks users to write lines of code to answer questions against a database.

Structured query language

Velocity

The analysis of streaming data as it travels around the internet Analysis necessary of social media messages spreading globally

Information cube

The common term for the representation of multidimensional information

Attribute

The data elements associated with an entity

Content creator

The person responsible for creating the original website content

Content editor

The person responsible for updating and maintaining website content

Data mining

The process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone

Volume

The scale of data Includes enormous volumes of data Massive volume created by machines and networks Big data tools necessary to analyze zettabytes and brontobytes

Date element

The smallest or basic unit of information

Veracity

The uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities Uncertainty of untrustworthiness of data Data must be meaningful to the problem being analyzed Must keep data clean and implement processes to keep dirty data from accumulating in systems

In terms of big data, what includes the uncertainty of data, including biases, noise, and abnormalities?

Veracity

___________ analyzes unstructured data associated with websites to identify consumer behavior and website navigation.

Web analytics

A(n) ________ integrity constraint does not allow someone to create an order for a nonexistent customer.

relational