Chapter 6 Water and Ocean structure

How does salinity affect water?

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How are atoms different from molecules?

An atom canot be broken into simpler substances by chemical means, a molecule is a group of atoms help together by chemical bonds.

How is waters density affected by freezing?

As the temperature decrease and water goes from liquid to ice the ice becomes more dense. However, ice will never be the density of liquid water. That is why ice floats on TOP of water.

Why is the heat capacity of water unique?

Because of the great strength and large number of hydrogen bonds between water molecules, more heat energy must be added to speed up molecular movement and increase waters temperature. Water has the highest heat capacity amount the highest of all known substances. It can absorb or release large amounts of heat while relatively changing little temperature.

Why does ice float?

Because the density decrease abruptly in the transition from water to ice Ice increases in density as it gets colder than 0 degrees C. No matter how cold it gets ice will never reach the density of liquid water as explained by the density curve.

What is meant by heat capacity?

Heat capacity is the measure of heat required to raise 1g 1 degree C.

How is heat different from temperature?

Heat is energy produced by the vibration of atoms. Temperature is the response to the removal or input of heat.

Hydrogen bonds are involved in cohesion.

Hydrogen bonds are involved in cohesion

Why do we use the term latent?

It applies to heat impute that does not cause a change in temperature but a changes the state.

Molecules are held together by what?

Molecules are held together by the energy when electrons are shared between atoms or moved from one atom to another.

What is the difference between sensible and non sensible heat?

Sensible heat is heat that is gained or loss measured by a thermometer or other device. Non sensible is heat that is loss during water freezing is not able to be measure by a thermometer.

How does cold air or water tend to sink?

Substances become denser as they get colder.

What factors affect the density of water?

Temperature,and salinity

What familiar water property is due to its cohesion?

The cohesion gives water a HIGH surface tension allow it to support needles, razor blades, and walking insects. Cohesion also allows a clean glass to be filled slightly above its rim.

What is the latent heat of fusion of water?

The latent heat of fusion is heat removed from a liquid during freezing. 80 calories of heat must be removed per gram of water at 0 degrees C to form ice. When Ice melts it absorbs large quantities of heat but does not change the temperature until all the ice has turned to liquid.

How do properties of seawater differ from those of freshwater?

The saltier the water the lower the freezing point. The temperature of maximum density moves toward the freezing point as salinity increases. Seawater evaporates more slowly than freshwater because the dissolved salts tend to attract and hold water molecules.

Why is water a polar molecule?

Water is a polar molecule because the positive end attracts particles of negative charge.

What properties of water derive from its polar nature?

Water molecules will separate a compound whose component elements are held together by the attraction of opposite charges. It also allows it to attract other water molecules to form a hydrogen bond.

What is the latent heat of vaporization?

heat added to a liquid during evaporation this produces a change in state but not a change in temperature. Water has the highest latent heat of vaporization of any known substance.