Chapter 6 Westcott Microbiology

−viridae; −virus

In naming viruses, the family name ends with ________ and genus name ends with _________. −virus; −viridae -virus; virion −virion; virus −viridae; −virus

using antibodies to detect viral antigens (proteins)

Match the virus detection method of EIA to its proper description. using antibodies to detect viral antigens (proteins) using primers to amplify DNA making cDNA from RNA isolating antibodies from a patient, adding them to a virus, and seeing if the virus can clump erythrocytes

latency

Not all animal viruses undergo replication by the lytic cycle. There are viruses that are capable of remaining hidden or dormant inside the cell in a process called______________ . persistence transcriptase dormancy latency

spikes

The component(s) of a virus that is/are extended from the envelope for attachment is/are the: nucleic acid capsomeres spikes viral whiskers

membrane structures

The envelope of a virus is derived from the host's nucleic acids genome membrane structures cytoplasm

They were used to develop the first continuous tissue-culture cell line. These HeLa cell lines allow scientists to culture and study viruses. HeLa cells were tumor cells isolated from Henrietta Lacks.

Which of the following statement are true regarding HeLa cells? (select all that are true) Viruses are facultative intracellular entities. They were used to develop the first continuous tissue-culture cell line. These HeLa cell lines allow scientists to culture and study viruses. HeLa cells were tumor cells isolated from Henrietta Lacks.

cytoplasm

With a few exceptions, RNA viruses that infect animal cells replicate in the_______________ . cytoplasm nucleus mitochondria ribosomes

viruses, host

Unlike bacteria, many of which can be grown on an artificial nutrient medium, ___________ require a living __________ cell for replication. animals, endoparasitic viruses, host plants, ectoparasitic viruses, endoparasitic

electron

Until the late 1930s and the advent of the _______________ microscope, no one had seen a virus. Yet treatments for preventing or curing viral infections were used and developed long before that. light inverted electron compound

naked

Viruses formed from only a nucleic acid and capsid are called ___________ viruses. enveloped naked prion bacteriophage

biotrophic

Viruses that infect plants are considered ______________ parasites, which means that they can establish an infection without killing the host. osmotic pathogenic biotrophic hetermorphic

All of these

Which of the following are characteristics of Viruses? Obligate intracellular parasites with host and cell-type specificity All of these Infectious, acellular pathogens Genome is surrounded by a protein capsid

A viroid is a short strand of circular single-stranded RNA without a capsid (protein coat). Virusoids are circular, single-stranded RNAs that require a helper virus for replication. Viruses can replicate their genome in host cells.

Which of the following are true regarding viroids and virusoids? A viroid is a short strand of circular single-stranded RNA without a capsid (protein coat). Viroids cannot replicate their genome in host cells. Virusoids are circular, single-stranded RNAs that require a helper virus for replication. Viruses can replicate their genome in host cells.

bacteriophage

A virus that infects a bacterium is called a/an ___________________. viron bacteriophage eclipse prion

proteases

Although there are no current treatments for prion infections, which of the following could be used? proteases antibiotics nucleases sulfa drugs

viroid

An acellular entity composed of a small circular RNA molecule without a capsid and is not capable of replicating its genome is known as which of the following? virion virusoid provirus viroid

Henrietta Lacks

An example of an immortal cell line is the HeLa cell line, which was originally cultivated from tumor cells obtained from ________________ _________________, a patient who died of cervical cancer in 1951. Harry Lacks Henrietta Lucas Henrietta Leeks Henrietta Lacks

glycoproteins

The naked atadenovirus uses spikes made of _________________ from its capsid to bind to host cells. glycoproteins none of these lipids carbohydrates

biosynthesis

The third stage of a viral infection is _______________________ of new viral components. attachment penetration maturation biosynthesis

Transduction

____________________ occurs when a bacteriophage transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another during sequential infections. Transduction Transitional Transference Translation