Chapter 65. New Sound Palettes: Mid-Twentieth-Century American Experimentalists; Listening Guide 58: Cage: Sonata V, from Sonatas and Interludes; Listening Guide 59: Crumb: Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)

Which of the following describe George Crumb's Caballito negro? Which does not? *sung in Spanish *atonal harmony *regular duple meter *disjunct melody

*atonal harmony *disjunct melody *sung in Spanish

In what contexts is the Javanese Gamelan featured?

*shadow-puppet theater *court performers *ritual ceremonies

What piece by John Cage first performed by the pianist David Tudor in 1952 raised questions regarding definitions of music, noise, and silence?

4'33"

Which describes the form of Sonata V? 1:21

A-A-B-B

Which describes the form of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

A-B-A'

Which of the following describe John Cage's Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes and which do not? *piano produces percussive effects *irregular phrases *consistently conjunct melody *regular duple meter

Correct *piano produces percussive effects *irregular phrases Incorrect *consistently conjunct melody *regular duple meter

Which instruments accompany the voice in Crumb's Caballito negro and which do not? *violin *metallic percussion *piccolo *clarinet

Correct *piccolo *metallic percussion Incorrect *violin *clarinet

Match the musical descriptions to their correct musical works. *song scored for soprano with metallic percussion instruments and flute or piccolo and featuring extended techniques *prepared piano piece in binary form with irregular phrases and a minimal sense of harmony *Crumb, Caballito negro *Cage, Sonata V

Crumb, Caballito negro *song scored for soprano with metallic percussion instruments and flute or piccolo and featuring extended techniques Cage, Sonata V *prepared piano piece in binary form with irregular phrases and a minimal sense of harmony

True or false: The gamelan is a traditional orchestra from China.

False

Whose poetry did Crumb set in his second book of madrigals?

Federico Garcia Lorca

Which composer adapted instruments to be capable of microtonality? *Harry Partch *Henry Cowell

Harry Partch

Which statement describes the A section of Sonata V? Cage, Sonata V, section A0:20

It comprises 18 measures that are grouped into irregular phrases.

Which describes the music in this excerpt? 0:20

It is a repeat of the A section.

Which describes the music in this excerpt? 0:19

It is a repeat of the B section.

Which statements describe the A section of Sonata V? Which do not? 0:20

It is consists of a two-voice texture (one line in the right hand and one line in the left hand). It is rhythmically steady.

Which of the following statements does not describe the A section? 0:20

It is in a major key.

Which of the following statements correctly describes the A section of Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes? 0:20

It is played by a prepared piano.

Which describes the music in this excerpt? 0:23

It is the B section.

The prepared piano required for Sonatas and Interludes approximates the sounds of a(n) -

Javanese gamelan

The prepared piano required for Sonatas and Interludes simulates a(n) _______.

Javanese gamelan

Who is the inventor of the "prepared piano"?

John Cage

Which describes the B section of Sonata V? 0:23

Rests break the music into several short passages.

Compared to the A section, the B section contains different lyrics and new music. (0:28)

T

In the A section, which line is the more rhythmically active one? Cage, Sonata V, section A 0:20

The lower sounds played by the left hand (the accompaniment).

True or false: Avant-garde musical styles called for a new arsenal of unusual performance techniques to cope with the composer's wishes.

True

True or false: Harry Partch was a serious proponent of microtonal music.

True

True or false: Henry Cowell is known for combining Asian instruments with traditional Western ensembles.

True

True or false: In Caballito negro, the singer is asked to whinny like a horse.

True

True or false: John Cage provided detailed instructions at the beginning of Sonatas and Interludes to indicate that forty-five of the piano's eighty-eight keys should be prepared by inserting nails, bolts, nuts, screws, rubber, and wood at carefully specified distances.

True

True or false: The gamelan ensemble is made up of metallic percussion instruments.

True

True or false: The works of both John Cage and George Crumb rely on the creativity of others for their works to be successful.

True

How would you describe the sound that the piccolo makes after the soprano sings the line "Caballito negro"?

a strange sound

Which statement is NOT true? a. George Crumb's compositions are only based on folk music. b. All statements are true. c. Many of George Crumb's works require vocal virtuosity. d. In composing, Crumb uses techniques and instruments from various world musics.

a. George Crumb's compositions are only based on folk music.

Which does NOT describe the prepared piano? a. microtonal tuning b. thumping, nonpitched sounds c. various objects inserted between the strings d. percussive effects

a. microtonal tuning

Which describes the harmony of Caballito negro?

atonal

Which composer adapted Indian and African instruments to fit a microtonal tuning system? a. George Crumb b. Harry Partch c. Henry Cowell d. John Cage

b. Harry Partch

In what way is John Cage's 4'33" unusual? a. It is written for toy piano. b. There is no musical content. c. It is meant to be performed on instruments designed by Partch. d. Vegetables are used as instruments.

b. There is no musical content.

George Crumb is considered to be a(n) ________ composer. a. traditionalist b. avant-garde c. symphonic d. nationalist

b. avant-garde

John Cage is considered to be a(n) ________ composer. a. traditionalist b. avant-garde c. symphonic d. nationalist

b. avant-garde

Composer Henry Cowell's innovations include a. adapting African instruments to fit a new tuning system. b. tone clusters and plucking of the piano strings. c. microtonal instruments. d. the creation of the prepared piano.

b. tone clusters and plucking of the piano strings.

The form of John Cage's Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes is ______.

binary with each section repeated

John Cage's interests included a. the opposition between music and noise. b. non-Western scales. c. All possible answers. d. the role of silence in music.

c. All possible answers.

In the 1920s, which composer developed a scale of forty-three microtones to the octave? a. John Cage b. George Crumb c. Harry Partch d. Henry Cowell

c. Harry Partch

Who is most associated with chance music? a. Silvestre Revueltas b. George Crumb c. John Cage d. Aaron Copland

c. John Cage

John Cage experimented with chance, or _______, music. a. clustered b. microtonal c. aleatoric d. unprepared

c. aleatoric

The prevalent rhythm in Crumb's Caballito negro is meant to a. replicate the dance rhythm of the son. b. sound like rain. c. emulate the sound of a galloping horse. d. reflect the dawning sun.

c. emulate the sound of a galloping horse.

In his madrigals, George Crumb explores which of the following? a. Sprechstimme b. "white" tone c. quarter tones d. All possible answers.

d. All possible answers.

Which two composers influenced John Cage? a. Duke Ellington and Igor Stravinsky b. Aaron Copland and George Gershwin c. William Grant Still and Aaron Copland d. Henry Cowell and Harry Partch

d. Henry Cowell and Harry Partch

How does Crumb depict the images of death in Caballito negro? a. uncharacteristic consonance in otherwise dissonant sections b. sudden fortissimo chords c. ritardandos at the end of phrases d. phrases end in a downward melodic line

d. phrases end in a downward melodic line

What did George Crumb win in 1968? a. a Grammy b. the Prix de Rome c. an Academy Award d. the Pulitzer Prize

d. the Pulitzer Prize

The melody sung at the opening of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse) has a - shape and is -.

disjunct accompanied by piccolo and percussion

Caballito negro (Little Black Horse) has highly - melodies, - harmony, and regular beats but no firm sense of meter. The song is in - form (A-B-A').

disjunct atonal three-part

Listen to the following music excerpts and drag them to the correct location on the music chart.

flutter tonguing quiet neighing

In Crumb's Caballito negro, the piccolo player uses a technique similar to "rolling an R," called ______.

flutter-tonguing

Match the characteristics of John Cage's Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes to their correct musical elements. *strong sense of tonality *A-A-B-B *regular phrasing *chromatic line *blinary *form *melody

form: A-A-B-B; binary melody: chromatic line

Match the characteristics of George Crumb's Caballito negro (Little Back Horse) to their correct musical elements. *conjunct *disjunct *A-B-A' *atonal *no strong sense of meter *duple meter *form *melody *rhythm *harmony

form: A-B-A' melody: disjunct rhythm: no strong sense of meter harmony: atonal

George Crumb composed _____ books of madrigals.

four

Which statements below describe the untraditional ways in which the soprano performs the end of the song (the A' section)?

imitating the neighing of a horse whispering the words

Which statements describe the untraditional ways in which the soprano performs the end of the song (the A' section)? Which do not? Crumb, Caballito negro A' section 0:37

imitating the neighing of a horse whispering the words

Which describes the A' section of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

it begins with the soprano imitating the neighing of a horse

Which of the following statements describe the B section of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

it is atonal the soprano slides between a very high and a very low pitch

Which of the following does not describe the vocal part in Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

it is in a regular meter

Which of the following statements describe the A section of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)? Which do not?

it is performed by soprano voice, piccolo, and percussion it begins loudly and is performed aggressively

Which of the following statements does not describe the final passage (the A' section) from Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

it is performed loudly

Which describes the A' section of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)? (0:37)

it is performed quietly

The A section of Caballito negro features flutter-tonguing in the - and a - vocal line.

piccolo disjunct

Which instrument is playing this work 0:20

prepared piano

Which instrument is playing this work? Cage, Sonata V0:20

prepared piano

Which instrument is playing this work? 0:20

prepared piano

Sonata V from Sonatas and Interludes is played on -has a melody with a -range, changing rhythmic motion, and is in -and form

prepared piano small binary

The overall structure of Cage's Sonatas and Interludes comprises ______ sonatas in groups of ______, with each group separated by a(n) ______.

sixteen; four; interlude

What are the performing forces of Caballito negro?

soprano voice, piccolo, and percussion

Which describes the meter of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

strong pulses, but no firm sense of meter

The form of George Crumb's Caballito negro is ______.

ternary (three-part)

Which of the following statements describe the A section of Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

there are strong pulses, but no firm sense of meter the melodic contour is disjunct

Which describes the soprano melody at the very beginning of the B section?

there is sliding between a very high and a very low pitch (glissando)

Which term below does not describe the extended techniques used by the singer and the piccolo player in Caballito negro (Little Black Horse)?

violin col legno percussionist barking like a dog

In Caballito negro, Crumb instructs the soprano to sing without vibrato, with a _______ tone.

white