Chapter 6,7,9,11 Bio Test

Difference between active transport and facilitated diffusion.

Active transport requires energy from ATP and facilitated diffusion does not and uses a transport protein.

An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein is...

Kinase

Membrane concentration

Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in cell- cell recognition.

Cells A and B are the same size and shape, but cell A is metabolically quiet and cell B is actively consuming oxygen. Oxygen will diffuse more quickly into __ cell because ______.

B..... the diffusion gradient there is steeper

Green olives may be preserved in brine, which is 20-30% salt solution. How does this method prevent contamination by microorganisms?

Bacteria can't survive in a hypertonic solution because they lose water

The concentration of calcium in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How could the cell obtain more calcium?

active transport

the binding of a signal molecule to a ligand- gated ion channel

allows charged molecules to pass through the membrane

What is not involved in facilitated diffusion?

an outside energy source

Two of the most common second messengers you read about in Chapter 11 are

calcium ion and cAMP

Which one of the following molecules is most likely to diffuse freely across the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane without the involvement of a transport protein?

carbon dioxide

eukaryotic _____ often contain steroid molecules such as cholesterol

cell membrane

Membrane carbohydrates function primarily in...

cell-cell recognition

Cell-cell recognition`

cells recognize other cells by covalently bonding to surface carbs; form molecules such as glycolipids bonded to glycoproteins.

your bone cells, muscle cells, and skin cells look different because

different genes are turned on in different types of cells

Enables a cell to pick up and concentrate a specific kind of molecule

exocytosis

A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will...

expand

All of the following are membranes...phospholipids, steroids, and glycoproteins...except

glyconucleic acids

In osmosis, water always moves towards the ___ solution: that is, toward the solution with the ___ solute concentration.

hypertonic... greater

cell biologists use this term to refer to any small molecule

ligand

Amphipathic

molecules are both polar and nonpolar

Materials that readily cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane are typically

nonpolar and uncharged

materials that readily cross the lipid portion of a cell membrane are typically...

nonpolar and uncharged

Passive transport

requires no ATP

isotonic

same concentration in and out---- equilibrium

embedded in the membrane or floating in the cytoplasm

signal receptors

Signal receptors

signal receptors can be embedded in the membrane or floating in cytoplasm

Sea water is dangerous to drink because....

Sea water is hypertonic to your body tissues and drinking it will cause you to lose water by osmosis.