chapter 7
______ is a scheme in which consumers are tricked into changing their phone service to another carrier.
Slamming
The key distinction between larceny and robbery is that larceny does not require: Blank______.
force
Knowingly misrepresenting the value of a piece of artwork to secure a higher price
fraud
Caroline Jones takes some very expensive jewelry from a store. The next day, Caroline sells the jewelry at the local pawn shop, receiving $15,000 for it. In removing the jewelry from the store, Caroline has most likely committed: Blank______.
grand larceny
The CEO of Orion Chemical Company took money that was intended to be used for bonuses. To find the CEO criminally responsible, the government must prove that the CEO acted with a(n) Blank______.
guilty mind
Individuals who are under the age of majority are known under the law as: Blank______.
infants
Penny and Theodore comprise a scheme whereby Penny will send information to Theodore in regard to the moves her telecommunications company is making when she learns about it in their company's internal strategy meeting so he can make a better stock trade. This is known as ________blank.
insider trading
A suspect will be released by the magistrate if the initial arrest was not supported by: Blank______.
probable cause
Which of the following is a federal crime-fighting law?
RICO
Submitting false Blank______ to insurance companies seeking reimbursement for medical treatment is known as health care fraud.
claims
In Arizona v. Fulminante, the United States Supreme Court held that a(n) Blank______ confession can be ignored and treated as nonprejudicial at trial if the other evidence is sufficient to obtain a conviction.
coerced
In the United States, white-collar crimes: Blank______.
happen often
The U.S. Department of Justice has said that Blank______ is its top priority.
health care fraud
Before 1991, federal criminal sentencing was Blank______ with judges allowed -- but not required -- to engage in free-form fact finding before selecting the appropriate punishment within broad statutory ranges.
indeterminate
The President of ARC Corporation asked his 16-year-old summer intern, Jarrod, to send out a bulk mailing designed to entice consumers to provide sensitive financial information to the company for use in a credit scheme. If Jarrod is charged, along with other corporate executives, for mail fraud, Jarrod's attorney should raise the defense of: Blank______.
infancy
After leaving a friend's house, Jonathan accidentally drops his cigarette butt on the front porch. The cigarette butt starts a fire. It is likely that Jonathan will not face an arson conviction because there was no: Blank______.
intent
Successful prosecution of a defendant for false pretenses requires proof of a(n) Blank______ to relieve another of their property by false representation.
intent
To prove mail fraud, the government must demonstrate the Blank______ and the use of mail to further the fraudulent scheme.
intent to defraud
Typically, after a suspect is arrested and booked, the sufficiency of probable cause for the arrest is raised during the defendant's first appearance before a(n): Blank______.
magistrate
To prove Blank______, the government must prove that the defendant acted with purpose, knowledge, recklessness, or negligence, depending on which of these states of mind is required by the law defining the relevant criminal offense.
mens rea
Potential defenses a criminal defendant may raise to offset the criminal element of intent and avoid conviction are: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
mistake of fact duress infancy
Duress, as a defense, is appropriate when an individual commits a crime under the threat of serious bodily harm, but only when the threat of harm is: Blank______.
more serious than the crime threatened
________ a defense to a crime, says the crime was necessary to prevent a more severe crime from occurring.
necessity
Computer crime is best described as a(n): Blank______.
new way of committing traditional crimes, like fraud and distributing pornography
If the defendant pleads Blank______ during the arraignment, the case is heard by a petit jury.
not guilty
In order to obtain corporate records during a criminal investigation, it is usually necessary to obtain a(n) Blank______ from the grand jury.
subpoena
Using false pretenses to obtain confidential telephone records can result in a prison sentence of up to Blank______ years.
ten
When a United States corporation provides financial incentives to officials in foreign countries in order to avoid local taxes, that corporation has: Blank______.
violated the FCPA
The requirement for burglary is met whenever a person Blank______.
enters a building without the owner's consent and with intent to commit a wrongful act
Telling the local mayor that you will disclose her extramarital affair unless she offers you a job in her cabinet
extortion
Mistake of Blank______ as an affirmative defense tries to prove the defendant made an honest and reasonable mistake that negates the guilty-mind element of a crime.
fact
An employee who chooses to file suit against their employer for defrauding the government under the _________ Claims Act will receive protection from employer retaliation as a whistleblower.
false
Because of double jeopardy, a person found not guilty of a criminal offense cannot also face a civil charge for the same alleged actions.
false
Corporations cannot be held criminally accountable for strict-liability offenses under current law.
false
In many judicial settings, the judicial officer who issues the arrest warrant is called a(n) __________
magistrate
During her arraignment on federal fraud charges, Abigail Price considered the impact of her plea on the civil fraud case that was also pending against her. Given these circumstances, her attorney advised that she plead: Blank______.
nolo contendere
If a defendant enters a plea in which they do not admit guilt but agrees not to contest the charges further, this is known as ________blank.
nolo contendere.
Which act was created to specifically combat white-collar crime?
Sarbanes-Oxley
A grand jury indictment is constitutionally mandated in all: Blank______.
federal felony cases
Armed robbery of a bank teller likely falls under the classification of (n): Blank______.
felony
Acting on inside information in the purchase or sale of company stock, or insider trading, involves a breach of a(n) Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
fiduciary duty relationship of trust
If inspectors from the Food and Drug Administration arrive unannounced to inspect your manufacturing plant and criminal charges result from that inspection, you may be able to challenge those charges as a violation of the: Blank______.
fourth amendment
Examples of white-collar crimes include: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
fraud embezzlement
The lowest ranking judicial officials are known as ________
magistrate
To be convicted of bribery under federal law, the defendant must have offered something of value to influence a particular decision or acquire information. That something of value must have a minimum commercial dollar value of: Blank______.
$0
Which of the following is an example of the imposition of strict liability?
A business sells cigarettes to a minor.
Becky has been paid by a group of business people to hack into a competitor's computer in order to create a network shutdown during the huge Christmas buying season. Becky would be considered what?
A cyber terrorist
Which of the following is not an element of fraud?
A false representation of a non-material opinion
Which of the following is true regarding an arrest without a warrant?
A law enforcement agent can arrest a suspect without a warrant if the officer believes there is probable cause but not enough time to obtain a warrant.
______ can occur when a debtor hides assets from the court or a creditor files a false claim against the debtor.
Bankruptcy fraud
In ________blank the majority of the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that absent an explicit invocation of the right to remain silent, police may continue to interrogate a suspect, and what the suspect says may be used against him in court.
Berghuis v. Thompkins
Most constitutional safeguards designed to protect criminal defendants are found in the Blank______.
Bill of Rights
Indictment
Choice Issued by the grand jury based presentation of evidence by the prosecutor
information
Choice Presented to the magistrate by the prosecutor, stating the relevant facts and the legal violation
Which of the following is true about computer viruses? (Check all that apply.)
Companies can try to prevent the destruction of data by installing virus detection programs on their computers, installing firewalls, and so on. A virus destroys, rearranges, and/or damages computer data.
______ is a scheme in which companies bill consumers for optional services they did not order.
Cramming
Representing to another that you are authorized to accept company funds when you are, in fact, not
False pretenses
Which of the following is not a prohibition of the CFAA?
Downloading or uploading of pornographic images of children under the age of 16
The death penalty has been challenged as a violation of the Blank______ Amendment's prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment.
Eighth
Which method of communication is not covered by the Mail Fraud Act?
Bank teller Hugo receives $1,000 from a customer for deposit into the customer's bank account. Instead of placing the money into the customer's account, Hugo puts it into his pocket. Which of the following offenses has he committed?
Embezzlement
Tito tells Sam that he knows about a great investment opportunity in a new computer company. As a result, Sam gives Tito a check for $10,000 made out to Compu-Plus, the new computer company. Compu-Plus is actually Tito's company, and Tito deposits the check in his personal checking account and immediately withdraws $9,500 in cash which he uses as a down payment on a luxury car. Tito has committed what crime?
Embezzlement, because he lawfully had possession of Sam's money and then converted it for his own use.
A defendant can use the ________blank defense if the idea for a crime originated not with the defendant but with a police officer or other government official who suggested it to the defendant, and the defendant would not otherwise have committed the crime.
Entrapment
To punish an individual for criminal behavior, the government must demonstrate wrongful state of mind, which is known as actus reus.
False: To punish an individual for criminal behavior, the government must demonstrate wrongful state of mind, also known as mens rea, or a guilty mind.
Signing your name on another's check made out to cash and presenting it for payment
Forgery
The Blank______ Amendment protects against any state depriving any person of life, liberty or property without due process of law.
Fourteenth
Simone is Britt's attorney and knows she is wanting to sell some of her property. He learns that someone is about to build a shopping mall next to Britt's property that she wishes to sell but does not tell her because he knows the property value will increase and instead talks her into selling him the property. Which of the following has he committed?
Fraudulent concealment
Submitting a claim for reimbursement under a patient's health insurance when the patient did not receive any such services
Health care fraud
Which of the following is not a typical impact of a virus on a computer?
Improve the speed of the computer
Identify the differences between criminal and civil cases. (Check all that apply.)
In criminal cases, the government is the prosecutor, whereas in civil cases, the plaintiff can be an individual. In criminal cases, the objective is punishment, whereas in civil cases, the objective is to remedy a wrong done to the plaintiff.
Which of the following is the secretive and wrongful taking and carrying away of the personal property of another with the intent to permanently deprive the rightful owner of its use or possession?
Larceny
Amanda Jones was on trial for smothering her child with a pillow. She testified that she saw flames around the child's body and was trying to extinguish those flames. The jury found that Jones was not guilty by reason of insanity because she did not understand the nature of her act, applying the: Blank______.
M'Naghten test
Clinton was found not guilty of murdering his wife when the jury believed that he failed the "right-wrong" test also known as the ________blank.
M'Naghten test
The Blank______ also bans the use of wire, radio, and television transmissions to defraud the public, and now includes commercial carriers and courier.
Mail Fraud Act of 1990
Which of the following are typically classified white-collar crime?
Mail fraud, bribery, embezzlement, and computer crimes.
Which of the following scenarios most likely exemplifies unlawful appropriation of data or services? (Check all that apply.)
Megan, who works for an accounting firm, runs her private tax consultancy using the laptop provided by her employer.
On a particularly busy New Year's Eve, a local liquor store sold a six-pack of beer to a 19-year-old customer. The liquor store was criminally charged under local law. The owner of the store claimed there was no criminal liability because the clerk did not know the customer was under 21. Is this a valid defense?
No, because the liquor store is strictly liable for selling alcohol to a 19-year-old.
Which of the following is not one of the three main provisions of the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution?
Prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment
According to the case the E-Commerce and Law segment in the text book, what is the latest growing cyber security threat?
Ransomware
Which of the following is not fraud under both federal and state statutes?
Sales talk
________blank was created specifically to combat white-collar crime and it is a felony to willfully fail to keep records of audits and work papers for at least five years.
Sarbanes-Oxley Act
In a criminal trial, who is viewed as the victim?
Society
Fajiha is a billing expert for a healthcare facility that treats individuals who are covered only by Medicare and not private health insurance. Fajiha learns that her employer is committing fraud against the government by filing false Medicare claims. Under which of the following might she obtain a portion of any recovery obtained by the government?
The False Claims Act.
Which of the following must be shown to hold a corporation criminally responsible for the actions of its employees? (Check all that apply.)
The employee was acting with the purpose of benefiting the corporation. The employee was acting within the scope of his or her employment.
Who has the burden of proof in a criminal trial?
The prosecution
Abigail Jones was on trial for fraud and embezzlement. Her criminal conduct had resulted in hundreds of senior citizens losing their entire retirement investments. She was convicted by a twelve-member jury, nine of whom were over the age of sixty. If Abigail Jones's attorney were to file an appeal claiming the trial violated the Sixth Amendment, which specific provision would likely apply?
The right to a trial by an impartial jury
Which of the following is true in regard to the Fourth Amendment's protections for individuals?
The safeguard against unreasonable searches and seizures along with restrictions on warrants.
A crime can be a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense. How is this determination usually made?
The statute defining the crime usually establishes whether the crime is a felony, misdemeanor, or petty offense.
[Hipster's Incorporated] Penelope worked as a receptionist for Hipster's Incorporated, a talent agency with many celebrity clients. Penelope also had her own business selling high-end skin care products, which she ran out of her studio apartment. She often contacted skin care clients through her work e-mail, as it was very convenient to search through Hipster's Incorporated's confidential client list to generate bulk e-mails. What crime, if any, has Penelope committed?
Theft of company assets
In which of the following situations is the use of deadly force unjustifiable?
To protect property
In a criminal trial, the defendant does not have to prove anything.
True
True or false: Using television to defraud the public is a violation of the Mail Fraud Act of 1990.
True
The Bill of Rights are amendments to the Blank______.
U.S. Constitution
Officer Mills was provided with a search warrant to search a suspect's home. During the search, he found illegal narcotics. Later, Officer Mills learned that the search warrant was not supported by a properly authenticated affidavit. Should the narcotics be admissible at trial?
Yes, if Officer Mills acted in good faith.
A successful RICO action must contain evidence of: Blank______.
a pattern of racketeering
One of the elements of a crime is a guilty act, otherwise known as: Blank______.
actus reus
Legal excuses for criminal behavior are known as Blank______ defenses.
affirmative
During the initial appearance before a magistrate, John plead innocent to the larceny charges leveled against him. In order to ensure that John was present for subsequent court appearances, the magistrate had the option of sending John to the county jail while the case was pending or setting Blank______, that is, a sum John would pay the court as security for his appearance.
bail
The amount of money defendants pay the court on release from custody as security that they will return for trial is known as Blank______.
bail
Before filing for bankruptcy protection under federal law, John transfers his retirement savings to his sister Elizabeth and asks that she act as sole legal owner of the funds. John has committed: Blank______.
bankruptcy fraud
Paying an investigator with the EPA $5,000 to overlook documentation requirements associated with use of certain chemicals
bribery
Jacob, CEO of Mavrex Corporation, was charged with violating the Securities and Exchange Act. The primary prosecution witness could not be located by the prosecuting attorney. If the main witness does not appear at trial, Jacob can claim violation of his Sixth Amendment right to: Blank______.
confront witnesses
The U.S. Supreme Court has held that as long as the message to a suspect is clear that he or she has the right to counsel and need not answer questions without counsel, the Miranda warning is: Blank______.
constitutional
The plea bargain mechanism is generally considered to benefit the: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
defendant prosecution
In the federal court system, sentencing is Blank______ -- that is, judges are provided a specific range of penalties for a particular crime.
determinate
A strict-liability crime: Blank______.
does not require a guilty state of mind on the part of the corporation
The Blank______ Amendment protects against excessive bail.
eighth
Marcus was scheduled to attend a business conference on behalf of his employer. Before leaving for the conference, Marcus was given $500 out of petty cash for travel incidentals and meals. He did not, however, attend the conference and pocketed the $500. If Marcus' employer discovers this, Marcus will likely be charged with: Blank______.
embezzlement
Jacob claimed that he falsified records submitted to the Environmental Protection Agency only because an investigator encouraged him to do so in order to avoid missing a critical deadline. The investigator suggested that Jacob may lose his job if the records were not submitted on time. If Jacob is prosecuted for violation of federal and state criminal statutes, he may be able to assert the defense of: Blank______.
entrapment
Before prosecuting at the federal level, the government will decide if the Blank______ is sufficient to obtain a conviction.
evidence
The Blank______ rule holds that all evidence obtained in violation of the constitutional rights spelled out in the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Amendments to the United States Constitution is not normally admissible at trial.
exclusionary
The ________blank, not stated in any specific amendment, holds that all evidence obtained in violation of the constitutional rights spelled out in the Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth amendments is normally not admissible at trial.
exclusionary rule
When a jury considers insanity as a defense to a criminal charge, the testimony of Blank______ is required.
experts
During an office holiday party, Jacob puts a drug into the drink of Mark, the manager, who becomes incoherent. Mark leaves the party, removes $1,000 from petty cash, and spends it on personal items that evening. When Mark is charged with embezzlement, he may be able to raise the defense of Blank______ intoxication.
involuntary
Heading to the office break room for a cup of coffee, Mary absentmindedly forgets to put her iphone in the top desk drawer and lock it. While delivering office supplies, a co-worker removes the iphone from the desk and puts it in his pocket. Mary's co-worker has most likely committed: Blank______.
larceny
The commission of a crime, in and of itself, does not mean that a defendant faces prosecution in federal court. Before proceeding, a federal prosecutor usually considers whether: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
prosecuting the case serves a federal interest, the evidence is sufficient to obtain a conviction
The Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO) has been an effective federal statutory tool in addressing: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
provision of illegal goods and services securities fraud bribery
If a builder offers the local building inspector a discount on construction services while the builder's occupancy permit is still pending, the builder has committed: Blank______.
public official bribery
Liability without fault is also referred to as Blank______ liability.
strict
Davis, CEO of Meatpacking, Inc., hired a company to conduct regular inspections of the company plants. The contract price for these inspections was markedly lower than the firms Davis had worked with in the past. Despite the significant price difference, Davis did not check the inspection company's references. Davis and Meatpacking, Inc. were later charged with criminal violations of the Food and Drug Act. Davis raised the defense of mistake of fact; however, the jury found Davis guilty because his claimed mistake was not: Blank______.
reasonable
Defending oneself against a physical attack is justifiable, so long as the force used is: Blank______.
reasonable
Serious and costly business scandals led to the passage of a federal statute known as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. One specific profession targeted by the Act is: Blank______.
registered public accounting
Arresting officers must be sure to comply with Miranda v. Arizona, which requires advising the individual being arrested that they have the right to: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
remain silent an attorney
Managers can be held legally responsible for crimes committed by lower-level employees under the Blank______.
responsible corporate officer doctrine
Dareon follows Philicia out of the bar and forcefully takes her purse and belongings. This is considered ________blank.
robbery
Jacob holds a baseball bat over Abigail's head and threatens to hit her unless she hands over her laptop computer. Jacob has committed the crime of: Blank______.
robbery
Most states define Blank______ as the forceful and unlawful taking of personal property.
robbery
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides protection against: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
self-incrimination double jeopardy
The key distinction between blackmail and bribery is the presence of some form of: Blank______.
threat
A criminal prosecution requires proof by the prosecution of a guilty mind. Mens rea can be established by evidence that a defendant acted: Blank______. (Check all that apply.)
with recklessness with purpose
Embezzlement is similar to larceny because the embezzler takes property from another person.
False
In Davis v. United States, the United States Supreme Court held that defendants must equivocally and non-assertively state their right to counsel in order to activate it.
False
The Fourteenth Amendment extends state guarantees of due process to the federal government.
False
True or false: A defendant's constitutional right to a jury trial when charged with a felony cannot be waived.
False
James agreed to sell John his automobile for $12,000. On the day of delivery, John wrote James a check and took possession of the car. Knowing there were insufficient funds to cover the check, John took possession of the car and left the state. John can be prosecuted for which type of criminal fraud?
False pretenses
Passing counterfeit twenty dollar bills
False token
Fraud in the health care industry costs society an estimated $65 billion each year.
False: Fraud in the health care industry costs society an estimated $100 billion each year.
Identify the true statements about unlawful appropriation of data or services. (Check all that apply.)
It involves the use of computer by an employee that is not authorized by the employer. It includes the use of office computers by employees to run their personal business.
Which of the following is not an element of the duress defense?
The threat of harm to the defendant was escapable.
[Camping profits] Eva is the vice president at Fun Camping, LLC. She learns that the company is soon going to purchase a smaller chain of camping and outdoor stores. It is expected that stock in Fun Camping, LLC will rise dramatically at that point. Eva immediately buys a number of shares of her company's stock. She also tells her friend Claire about the expected purchase of stores. Claire wants to purchase stock in the company but lacks the funds with which to do so. Although she did not have the funds in Amber Bank and Trust, Claire decides to draw a check on Amber Bank and Trust and deposit the check in Borne Bank and then proceeds to write a check on Borne Bank to cover the purchase of the stock. Claire hopes that she would have sufficient funds to deposit before the check is presented for payment. By buying stock, Claire is guilty of which offense, if any?
She is guilty of an insider-trading violation because she traded on tipped information.
[Camping profits] Eva is the vice president at Fun Camping, LLC. She learns that the company is soon going to purchase a smaller chain of camping and outdoor stores. It is expected that stock in Fun Camping, LLC will rise dramatically at that point. Eva immediately buys a number of shares of her company's stock. She also tells her friend Claire about the expected purchase of stores. Claire wants to purchase stock in the company but lacks the funds with which to do so. Although she did not have the funds in Amber Bank and Trust, Claire decides to draw a check on Amber Bank and Trust and deposit the check in Borne Bank and then proceeds to write a check on Borne Bank to cover the purchase of the stock. Claire hopes that she would have sufficient funds to deposit before the check is presented for payment. By providing information to Claire regarding the purchase, Eva is guilty of which offense, if any?
She is guilty of an insider-trading violation by tipping the information.
Which of the following acts protect an employee from retaliation when the employee report fraud against the government?
The False Claims Act
Which of the following are criminal cases? (Check all that apply.)
The U.S. Attorney's office has filed charges against an individual for tax fraud. The EPA has filed charges against Mavrex Corp. for illegal disposal of chemicals.
Desperate for money, John Johnson breaks into a business that is closed for the evening and takes cash from a drawer. Johnson has committed: Blank______.
burglary
John threatens to burn down Jacob's house in six months time if Jacob does not steal trade secrets from the software company where he is employed. Jacob steals the trade secrets and is charged with violating several criminal statutes. Jacob Blank______ successfully raise the affirmative defense of duress to avoid conviction.
cannot
Suppose an employee of ABC Beverage company is offered $10,000 from a competitor to obtain a list of ingredients for a soon-to-be unveiled new beverage. The employee will likely face consequences for stealing trade secrets. The competitor beverage company would face charges for: Blank______.
commercial bribery
Generally, when a lower-level employee commits a crime, that employee will be individually liable for the crime, and under the commercial impracticability doctrine, the employee's manager, and any other corporate official who could have prevented the crime, can also be held liable for their failure to prevent the crime.
false
The FCPA serves to combat bribery of domestic CEOs.
false
The Model Penal Code allows for the necessity defense when "the harm or evil sought to be avoided by such conduct is less than that sought to be prevented by the law defining the offense charged."
false
True or false: John had too many drinks at the local bar and, while driving home, struck and injured a pedestrian. When John is charged with operating under the influence, he can raise the defense of involuntary intoxication to avoid criminal responsibility.
false
True or false: John has invited his friend, James, back to his place of business for a meeting. While he is there, James takes some cash off of John's desk. James has committed the crime of burglary.
false
True or false: Only the use of fire in burning down the dwelling of another is sufficient to charge a suspect with arson.
false
Obtaining another's property by false representation is known as Blank______.
false pretenses
True or false: Typically, a petty offense carries a penalty of at least one year in prison.
false: Felonies carry a penalty of one year or more in prison.
Although white-collar crime does not involve physical violence, there are still significant Blank______ and Blank______ costs that result from such conduct.
financial; social
Agent Don Smith of the Federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives has a reasonable suspicion that a small printing business in the downtown area is selling handguns without a license. In order to arrest the owner, Agent Smith will have to: Blank______.
show probable cause exists to obtain an arrest warrant
Although there may be a marketing value in determining consumers' calling habits, using false statements to uncover phone records is an invasion of privacy and a type of criminal fraud called: Blank______.
pretexting
The Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution protects an individual's Blank______.
privacy
The Justice Department formed the Computer Crime and Intellectual Property Section in its Criminal Division in which the attorneys ________blank.
prosecute only federal computer crimes
John Jones, owner and CEO of Mavrex Corporation, was facing federal felony charges associated with misrepresenting his earnings statements in SEC filings. Jones' attorney strongly urged him to enter into a plea bargain with the prosecution to avoid the negative Blank______ that would accompany a trial.
publicity
When a business discovers that an employee has committed fraud -- for example, false reporting under the Securities and Exchange Act -- the organization may choose not to report the transgression in order to avoid negative: Blank______.
publicity
By broadening the scope of actions covered and the definition of a public official, Congress amended the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act to conform to the antibribery convention adopted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
true
Insider-trading violations may also include "tipping" such information and trading on it by the person "tipped."
true
The primary purpose of criminal law is to punish an offender for causing harm to the public health, safety, or morals.
true
The purpose of the entrapment defense is to prevent law enforcement officials from instigating crime.
true
Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, securities fraud is a felony punishable by Blank______ in prison.
twenty-five years
For most crimes, there are Blank______ elements that must be proven by the government.
two
Unlike an information, an indictment is a Blank______.
written accusation against the defendant presented by a grand jury
Actus reus is also known as Blank______ behavior.
wrongful
