chapter 7

Which suffix means pertaining to?

-ic

Match each leukocyte with the circumstance(s) in which it would be elevated in a differential white blood cell count. 1. eosinophil 2. lymphocytes 3. monocytes

1. allergic reations 2. infectious mononucleosis 3. tuberculosis

1. transporting wastes 2. transporting hormones 3. clotting 4. transporting nutrients

1. moving creatinine and urea from the cells to the kidneys for excretion 2. moving insulin from the pancreas to the tissues that require it 3. preventing blood loss and initiating vessel repair 4. moving glucose absorbed from the intestines to the tissues that need it

Beginning from the top, place the three steps of hemostasis in the order in which they occur after blood vessel injury.

1. vascular spasm 2. platelet plug formation 3. blood coagulation

Neutrophils are normally about ______ of the total WBC count.

60%

A person with type A blood has type ______.

A antigen and anti-B antibody

______ shock is a life-threatening emergency.

Anaphylactic

Which of the following is NOT an autoimmune disease?

Anaphylactic shock

humoral defense

Antibodies and other chemical mediators of the immune system

lymphadenopathy

Any condition of enlarged lymph nodes

A person with type B blood has type ______.

B antigen and anti-A antibodies

Which of the following best describes the shape of an erythrocyte?

Biconcave disc

leukemia

Cancer of blood-forming tissues; causes overproduction of nonfunctional WBC precursors

infectious mononucleosis

Caused by the Epstein-Barr virus; transmitted by exchange of saliva

Which of the following does NOT normally occur with asthma?

Circulatory shock

______ is an infection that causes severe gastrointestinal distress. It can colonize the gut when broad spectrum antibiotics destroy normal gut flora.

Clostridium difficile

Which medication is taken orally to prevent clots from forming?

Coumadin

What are two things that are absorbed by the lymphatic system?

Dietary lipids from the intestines Excess interstitial fluid

Select the correct statements regarding diagnostic procedures for blood disorders.

Enlarged or smaller than normal RBCs can indicate different types of anemia. Prothrombin (PT) time and prothromboplastin (PTT) time provide information on how quickly the blood clots. A CBC can help to diagnose the cause of weakness, fatigue, or excess bruising.

Which condition is NOT treated by performing a bone marrow transplant?

Heart attack

Which of the following are physicians?

Hematologist Allergist Immunologist

Which statements are correct regarding erythrocyte function?

Hemoglobin can bind to oxygen and carbon dioxide in erythrocytes. Erythrocytes transport carbon dioxide from tissue cells to the lungs.

Which statement is true regarding anemia?

It decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.

cellular defense

Lymphocytes that directly attack and destroy pathogens

Which immune system cells ingest foreign debris and pathogens?

Macrophages, which develop from monocytes

epidermiologist

Medical scientist who studies transmission and control of epidemic diseases

Identify the three main characteristics of the immune system that enable it to function as a defense system in the body.

Memory Specificity Discrimination

Which gas is transported to the tissues from the lung?

Oxygen

Deconstruct the term agglutinate.

P/ ag- (ad-) TO R/ -glutin- STICK S/ -ate COMPOSED OF, PERTAINING TO

Deconstruct the term agglutination.

P/ ag- TO (same as ad-) R/ -glutin- GLUE S/ -ation PROCESS

Which disorder causes a reduced number of all blood cells (erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes)?

Pancytopenia

hematologist

Physician who specializes in diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders

immunologist

Physician who specializes in immune system disorders

Which of the following statements are true regarding immunity?

Plasma cells, which are mature B lymphocytes, produce immunoglobulins. T cells, B cells, and macrophages are involved in cellular immunity. Humoral immunity is an indirect attack using immunoglobulins to identify antigen. Cellular and humoral immunity can both be deployed against the same antigen.

Select the correct statements regarding hemostasis.

Platelets adhere to each other and the surrounding tissues in platelet plug formation. Blood coagulation is the third step of hemostasis. During blood coagulation, prothrombin is converted to thrombin, when then converts fibrinogen to fibrin.

Deconstruct the term hemoglobinopathy.

R/CF: hem/o- BLOOD R/CF: -globin/o- PROTEIN S/ -pathy DISEASE

Identify the two ways in which the blood provides protection to the body.

Recognition and destruction of microorganisms by immune cells Clotting to prevent blood loss from damaged vessels

A person who has RBCs that express the Rh factor on their surface is said to be ______.

Rh-positive

physical defense

Skin and mucous membranes, hairs, and mucus

______ is a drug that can dissolve clots after they have formed.

Streptokinase

lymphadenectomy

Surgical removal of lymph nodes

lymphadenitis

Swollen lymph nodes that are tender to the touch

phlebotomist

Technician who draws patient blood samples

transfusion technician

Technician who performs all phases of blood transfusions

laboratory technician

Technician who performs routine testing procedures of blood, body fluids, or tissues using lab equipment

Select the correct statements about HIV and AIDS.

The HIV virus cannot survive very long outside the body. HIV is killed by bleach and many other detergents. The HIV virus can remain dormant for up to 12 years. AIDS is an acquired immunodeficiency caused by the HIV virus.

Which of the following is the largest lymphatic organ?

The spleen

Which statement is correct about the structure of erythrocytes?

Their shape promotes more rapid diffusion of gases.

leukopenia

WBC count below 5,000; occurs in some viral infections

An embolus is ______.

a detached piece of a clot

The blood of an Rh-negative female can produce anti-Rh antibodies if ______.

a pregnant Rh-negative female carries a Rh-positive fetus

Identify the functions of the lymphatic system.

absorb excess interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream remove foreign chemicals, cells, and debris from the tissues absorb dietary lipids from the small intestines

AIDS is an example of a(n) ______ immunodeficiency disorder.

acquired

The verb ________ means to stick together to form clumps.

agglutinate

Transplant rejection is an ______.

alloimmune disorder

Deconstruct the term antigen.

anti---gen

Immunosuppression in transplant recipients is due to ______.

anti-rejection drugs such as corticosteroids

Humoral defense of the body is an immune system function mediated by ______.

antibodies

In the blood, ______ are present in plasma.

antibodies

A protein produced in the response to an antigen is a(n) ______.

antibody

In the blood, ______ are found on the surface of red blood cells.

antigens

The treatment for ______ is to remove the toxin, drug, or radiation source that is causing the inability of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells.

aplastic anemia

The two types of immunity are ______.

cellular and humoral

Granules are the site for ______ and enzyme production.

chemical

CBC is an abbreviation that stands for ______.

complete blood count.

Blood is a special type of ______ tissue composed of cells contained in a liquid matrix.

connective

Match the general characteristic of the immune system with its description. Instructions

discrimination: The ability to distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens specificity: The immune system recognizes specific antigens, marks them, and mounts an attack memory: Upon a second exposure to a pathogen encountered in the past, the immune response is more rapid

Autoimmune disorders occur when the immune system fails to ______.

distinguish self antigens from foreign antigens

What is the Greek term for plug or stopper?

embolus

Cancerous lymph nodes are usually ______.

enlarged, firm, and painless

Another name for hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is ______.

erythroblastosis fetalis

Which of the following are infectious pathogens?

fungi parasites viruses

The protein component of hemoglobin is called ______.

globin

The root in the term agglutination means ______.

glue

Leukocytes (WBCs) can be divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of specific granules in the cytoplasm. Those two groups are ______.

granulocytes and agranulocytes

The iron-containing pigment of hemoglobin is called ______.

heme

Basophils release ______ which prevents blood clotting.

heparin

Allergic reaction symptoms such as mucus hypersecretion, congestion, watery eyes, and urticaria are triggered by the release of ______ from immune system cells.

histamine

Tissues that are not adequately oxygenated are ______.

hypoxic

The medical term for white blood cell is ______.

leukocyte

An increase in the total WBC count to over 10,000 per cubic millimeter is called ______.

leukocytosis

skin tests

measures the level of IgE antibodies in response to allergens injected under the skin

Organisms too small to be seen with the unaided eye are called ______.

microorganisms

Which is the largest WBC?

monocyte

Hemoglobin that has ______ bound to it is called oxyhemoglobin.

oxygen

The plural form of petechia is ______.

petechiae

Tiny, pinpoint red spots caused by capillary bleeding are called ______.

petechiae

B cells differentiate into ______.

plasma cells

The cells that are most directly involved in hemostasis are ______.

platelets

The spleen is a reservoir for _____.

platelets and erythrocytes

If an Rh negative person is transfused with Rh positive blood they will ______.

produce antibodies against the Rh antigen

The most numerous cells in the blood are the ______.

red blood cells (RBCs)

HIV is one of a group of viruses known as a(n) ______.

retrovirus

Two common symptoms of anemia are ______.

shortness of breath and fatigue

Normal flora are microorganisms ______.

that live in or on our bodies and do not harm us

Another term for platelets is ______.

thrombocytes

The "T" in the term T cell or T lymphocyte stands for ______, the organ where these cells mature.

thymus

Antigens are a substance that can ______.

trigger an immune response in the body

Chickenpox and mumps are caused by ______.

viruses

The root in the term leukocyte means ______.

white