Chapter 7: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

All the reactions of glycolysis can be grouped into ______ phases.

3

What type of motion is coupled to the synthesis of ATP by the enzyme ATP synthase?

Spinning

Glycolysis consists of ____ reactions or steps.

10

Select the adjective that best describes how the energy arising from glucose oxidation is released.

incrementally, step-wise

In the final stage of glucose metabolism, the high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 are removed and used to produce more ATP. This process is called ______ ________

oxidative phosphorylation

When electrons are transferred to oxygen in the final step of the electron transport chain, a molecule of _____ is produced.

water / H2O

True or false: Some organisms can only use oxygen as a final electron acceptor.

T

Why are phosphate groups added to glucose during the first phase of glycolysis?

To raise its free energy so that later reactions are endergonic

Which of the following best describes the chemical reactions of oxidative phosphorylation?

NADH is oxidized and ATP is produced

In aerobic respiration:

O2 is reduced to H2O

The metabolic reactions that a cell uses to get energy from food molecules and release waste products are collectively called:

cellular resperation

Which of the following molecules are used as energy sources by living organisms?

fatty acids / amino acids / sugar

During glycolysis, one molecule of _____ is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, driving the synthesis of ATP.

glucose

In eukaryotic cells, the electron transport chain is located in the

inner mitochondrial membrane.

In order for cellular respiration to continue, the pyruvate produced in glycolysis must be transported into the

mitochondrion.

The purpose of the energy investment phase of glycolysis is to:

prime glucose for the exergonic reactions to follow

The structural components of the electron transport chain include:

protein complexes small organic molecules

ATP synthase functions like a

rotary machine

The second event in oxidative phosphorylation is the production of ATP by the enzyme ATP _______

synthase

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP synthesis is coupled to:

the removal of high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2

Glycolysis involves the breakdown of one molecule of glucose into:

two molecules of pyruvate

When electrons are transferred to oxygen in the final step of the electron transport chain, a molecule of _______ is produced.

water

As a result of the reactions of the citric acid cycle, the carbons from acetyl CoA are released as:

CO2

In the first reaction of the citric acid cycle, oxaloacetate, which contains ______ carbons, is combined with acetyl-CoA, which contains ______ carbons in its acetyl group, to produce citric acid, which contains ______ carbons.

4;2;6

Which of the following is the best description of the process of cellular respiration?

A means to extract energy from organic molecules

The main product of cellular respiration is

ATP

The primary aim of cellular respiration is to produce molecules of _______, which provide energy to the cell.

ATP

During oxidative phosphorylation, ATP is produced by the enzyme:

ATP synthase

Which of these is a light driven H+ pump found in archaea?

Bacteriorhodopsin

While glycolysis occurs in the ______ in eukaryotic cells, the remaining steps of respiration occur in the _______ of the cell.

Cytosol ; mitochondria

Select the organic molecules obtained from food that are most typically used as energy sources.

Fats / Carbs / Proteins

What is the advantage of a step-wise release of the energy produced from the breakdown of glucose?

It allows cells to couple the breakdown of glucose with useful chemical processes.

Bacteriorhodopsin is a proton pump found in some species or archaea. The energy that bacteriorhodopsin uses to pump protons comes from:

Light

Many organisms, including animals and yeasts, can only use ______ as a final electron acceptor in their electron transport chains.

Oxygen

An environment where oxygen is absent is termed

anaerobic

At the end of the electron transport chain, ______ catalyzes the transfer of electrons to O2.

cytochrome oxidase