Chapter 7, Ch. 7, Ch. 9, Ch. 8, Ch. 6

What did the code names X, Y, and Z refer to?

Agents of the French foreign minister chosen to negotiate with the Americans.

When Parliament repealed the Townsend duties they left in place the tax on

tea

In an effort to make the nation creditworthy Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed

that the nation's debt be repaid at full value.

Women and free blacks had the right to vote in

New Jersey

What did the Second Continental Congress hope to accomplish first?

To create and equip an army

Oliver Ellsworth

Who was the person that helped create the Supreme Court? He was the third Supreme Court Chief Justice and former Senator from Connecticut.

Convention of Montefontaine

What treaty ended the Franco-American Alliance of 1778 and removed some French restrictions on U.S. commerce, and ended the Quasi-War.

General Charles Cornwallis lost his advantage in Virginia because

France finally delivered its promised military support to the Americans.

The terms of the Treaty of Paris awarded Great Britain what area?

Canada

How did the government initially attempt to deal with the Indians in the Northwest Territory?

Drive them out to make room for Ohio settlers.

Those who favored the Constitution referred to themselves as

Federalists.

What was the reason for General Thomas Gage's surprise attack to capture a supply of arms in Concord?

He had been commanded to arrest the colonial dissidents.

What led to the unanimous election of George Washington as president in 1789?

He possessed outstanding qualities of republican leadership.

What did President Washington do to address the Whiskey Rebellion?

He sent in 13,000 Pennsylvania militiamen to squash the uprising.

British General Howe was ordered to move north up the Hudson River Valley in August, 1777. What did he do instead?

He went south to Philadelphia.

Election of 1788

In the first Presidential Election, George Washington won unanimously in the Electoral College and John Adams was elected VP.

Election of 1796

In which election did John Adams (Federalist) defeat Thomas Jefferson (Democratic-Republican) by an electoral vote of 71-68? Adams became the President and Jefferson became the VP.

Election of 1792

In which election was George Washington elected unanimously for a second term? His VP was John Adams. Washington was reluctant to run for a second term but was persuaded to run by Jefferson and Hamilton. This set a precedent for two terms for president, until FDR was elected 4 times. The 22nd amendment now limits a president to two terms.

What was so important about Burgoyne's defeat at Saratoga at the hands of the Americans?

It demonstrated the American potential for victory so France formed an alliance with the United States.

Which of the following was a significant deficiency of the Continental army?

It didn't have enough soldiers.

The United States capital moved to Washington, D.C., from

Philadelphia

What started the French and Indian War, a.k.a the Seven Years' War?

Rival territorial claims in the Ohio River Valley

What did the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions assert?

States could declare federal laws unconstitutional and nullify them.

In 1764 Prime Minister George Grenville tried to raise money for Britain by persuading Parliament to pass the

Sugar Act

Why was the battle of Bunker Hill important?

The British casualty rate was very high but they won the fight.

What types of administration didn't exist in the Confederation government?

The ability to raise money to finance the war

Genêt Affair

The incident in 1793 when George Washington objected to a French minister's attempt to hire American privateers to fight on the high seas for France.

Which of Hamilton's proposed economic measures was unconstitutional in the eyes of Thomas Jefferson?

The placement of an excise tax on whiskey

Jay's Treaty

The treaty signed in 1794 that said Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It also said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from the period before the revolution and Britain had to remove its troops from the Ohio Valley.

What significant problem confronted the British military in conducting the Revolutionary War?

Their supply lines proved very difficult to maintain.

What was the effect of the 1783 peace treaty between the British and the Americans on the Indian tribes?

There was a brief break in the fighting for their homelands

What sort of treatment did American prisoners receive from their British captors?

They treated them like traitors and not prisoners of war.

The First Continental Congress devised the Continental Association for what reason?

To make sure colonists honored the boycott of trade with the British

The first state to include a bill of rights in their constitution was

Virginia

George Washington

Virginian, patriot, general, and president. Led the Revolutionary Army in the fight for independence. First President of the United States.

Alexander Hamilton

Who was the first Secretary of the Treasury? He supported the creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt.

Matthew Lyon

Who was the first person to be put on trial for violating the Alien and Sedition Acts on charges of criticizing decisions made by Federalist President John Adams? He was sentenced to four months in jail and ordered to pay a $1,000 fine and court costs. While in jail, he won election to the Sixth Congress.

The Confederation Congress passed the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 which

banned slavery north of the Ohio River.

In an effort to raise revenue for the Confederation the superintendent of finance wanted to

collect an impost of five percent.

On December 25, 1776, the Americans won an important victory over the British when they

defeated German troops in New Jersey near the Delaware River.

Those opposed to the new Constitution were most concerned that

individual freedoms might be diminished by the federal government.

When Britain and France went to war in 1793 President Washington

issued the Neutrality Proclamation.

When he gave his farewell address President Washington warned against

making any permanent alliance with any foreign governments.

In 1786 Shays's Rebellion occured because

of increased taxes on Massachusetts farmers.

The Stamp Act Congress which met in New York City in 1765 was important because delegates

participated in intercolonial political protests and actions.

At the constitutional convention in 1787 as part of the Great Compromise delegates agreed

representation would be equal in the upper house.

In response to the Townshend duties the colonists

resented that part of the revenue would pay royal governors' salaries.

Alien Enemies Act

What act in 1798 made it legal to arrest and deport non-citizens if they were seen as a threat during a war? It was never activated.

Naturalization Act

What act passed in 1798 increased the time to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years?

Sedition Act

What act passed in 1798 made it a crime to write, print, or publish criticism of the president of the US?

Alien Law

What act passed in 1798 said that the president could export any alien without a trial by using an executive order?

Alien and Sedition Acts

What acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison or deport foreign citizens and prosecute critics of the government. These consist of four laws passed by the Federalist Congress and signed by President Adams in 1798 designed to curb criticism of the federal government: It was a response to the French threat during the Quasi-War. These acts were not appealed to the Supreme Court, but most historians feel they would have been declared unconstitutional.

Battle of Fallen Timbers

What battle fought on August 20,1794 in Ohio ended the Northwest Indian War? General Mad Anthony Wayne's victory led to Treaty of Greenville which gave Native American land in the Ohio Valley to the U.S.

"necessary and proper'

What clause in Article I, Section 8, of the U.S. Constitution grants Congress the power to enact all laws that are required for carrying out responsibilities of Congress? It is also referred to as the implied powers clause.

Virginia Resolutions and Kentucky Resolutions

What documents written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional?

Whiskey Rebellion

What incident in 1794 took place when farmers in western Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey? Several federal officers were killed in riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by President Washington to Fort Bedford and then with orders from President Washington the army was sent to western Pennsylvania to put down the rebellion and did so in a short period of time. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react and swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation.

XYZ Affair

What incident in 1797 was an insult to the US delegation in Paris when they were supposed to meet the French Foreign Minister but instead the French sent three other officials who demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see French Foreign Minister?

Census

What is the enumeration of the population every 10 years which is required by the constitution?

Judiciary Act of 1789

What legislation passed by Congress created the federal court system in 1789?

cabinet

What name is given to a group of people appointed by the President to head executive departments of government and act as official advisers?

lame duck

What name is given to a person still in office after he or she has lost a bid for reelection?

Quasi-War

What name was given to the undeclared war fought entirely at sea between the United States and France from 1798 to 1800?

Pinckney's Treaty

What treaty also known as the Treaty of San Lorenzo, passed in 1795 established commercial relations between Spain and the United States, granted the United States free navigation of the Mississippi River through Spanish territory, and fixed the boundaries of Louisiana and Florida?

Greenville Treaty

What treaty signed in 1795 ended the Northwest Indian War? In exchange for goods to the value of $20,000 (such as blankets, utensils, and domestic animals), the Native Americans turned over to the United States large parts of the Ohio Valley and Great Lakes region.

Franco-American Alliance of 1778

What treaty was a defensive alliance between the United States and France which stated that we would come to each others aid in the indefinite future in the case of a British attack?

National Bank

What type of bank was created as a part of Hamilton's financial plan? The bank would would keep government money, make loans, and issue a national currency.

Protective tariffs

What type of tariff is designed to shield domestic producers of a good or service from the competition of foreign producers?

Assumption of Debts

What was Hamilton's idea that the federal government should assume all the debts of the state and fully repay all foreign debts in order to gain credibility?

Proclamation of Neutrality

What was the formal announcement issued by President Washington on April 22, 1793, declaring the U.S. was neutral in the conflict between Great Britain and France?

Twelve amendment

Which amendment changed the method to elect a President? The change would place the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominees on the same party ticket. Before, all of the candidates ran against each other, with the winner becoming President and second-place becoming Vice-President.

Election of 1800

Which election ended in a tie between Aaron Burr and Thomas Jefferson? The election went to the House of Representatives and Jefferson won the presidency after 36 ballots. Alexander Hamilton influenced the election by persuading three members of the House to vote for Jefferson.

Democratic-Republicans

Which political party was known for its support of strong state governments and was founded by Thomas Jefferson in 1792 in opposition to the Federalist Party?

Aaron Burr

Who was one of the leading Democratic-Republicans of New York, and served as a U.S. Senator from New York from 1791-1797? He was the principal opponent of Alexander Hamilton's Federalist policies. In the election of 1800, he tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made him Vice- President.

Gilbert Stuart

Who was the American artist best known for his portraits of George Washington?

John Jay

Who was the US diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court?

Thomas Jefferson

Who was the Virginian, architect, author, governor, president and first Secretary of State under Washington's administration? He wrote the Declaration of Independence and designed the buildings of the University of Virginia.

Edmund Randolph

Who was the first Attorney General of the US? He was a delegate from Virginia at the Constitutional Convention and introduced the Virginia Plan of government?

Henry Knox

Who was the first Secretary of War under Washington.

John Adams

Who was the second president of the United States? He was a leader of the Federalists party. The passing of the Alien and Sedition Acts during his administration hurt his popularity and the Federalist party.

Federalists

Who were the supporters of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government?

Parliament punished Massachusetts for destroying tea in the Boston Tea Party by passing the Intolerable Acts which included

a law allowing the military to lodge soldiers anywhere including the colonists' homes.

At the time the Constitution was written the institution of slavery was

acknowledged and assured without naming it specifically.

The doctrine of "virtual representation" meant that

all Englishmen were represented in Parliament, wherever they lived including America.