Chapter 7: Chemical Reactions
Physical state of the species (called phases)
(s), (l), (g), (aq)
Double-Displacement Reactions.
A double replacement reaction is a chemical reaction between two ionic compounds in which ions are interchanged to form two new compounds: AB+CD→AD+CB The most common types of double replacement reactions are neutralization reactions and precipitation reactions.
Synthesis (also called Combination) Reactions
Combination (synthesis) reaction: A+B→AB
Combustion Reaction
Combustion reaction in which carbon-containing compounds such as methane, ethane, and so on, burn in oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and heat energy.
Decomposition Reactions
Decomposition reaction: AB→A+B
Oxidation-Reduction (redox) Reaction
Is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two species. An oxidation-reduction reaction is any chemical reaction in which the oxidation number of a molecule, atom, or ion changes by gaining or losing an electron.
Neutralization Reactions
Neutralization reactions are reactions in which an acid and a base in an aqueous solution react to form salt and water: Acid+Base→Salt+Water HA+BOH→AB+H2O The H+ ions from acids such as hydrogen halides or aceitic acid (CH3COOH or HC2H3O2) react with the OH− ions from bases such as metal hydroxides to form H2O .
Precipitation Reaction
Refers to the formation of an insoluble salt when two solutions containing soluble salts are combined. The insoluble salt that falls out of solution is known as the precipitate, hence the reaction's name. Precipitation reactions can help determine the presence of various ions in solution. -Reactions in which two ionic salt solutions react to form an insoluble solid when mixed.
Single-Displacement Reactions
Single replacement reaction: A+BC→AC+B
Acid-Base Reactions
When an acid and a base are placed together, they react to neutralize the acid and base properties, producing a salt. The H(+) cation of the acid combines with the OH(-) anion of the base to form water. The compound formed by the cation of the base and the anion of the acid is called a salt.
