Chapter 7 Forensic Biometrics

Currently, the number of Iris Codes being shared by law enforcement institutions with the FBI is [blank].

1.2 million

Which government agency created and maintains the NGI system?

FBI

[blank] have been widely used to identify people for a century.

Facial characteristics

True or False: A data preprocessing module is where extraction begins for a biometric system.

False

True or False: The human iris will undergo significant changes during one's lifetime.

False

[blank] is the most commonly used type of physiological biometric.

Fingerprints

[blank] is the most commonly used type of behavioral biometrics.

Handwriting

The first documented attempt to identify someone using the iris was performed in the 1950s by British ophthalmologist [blank].

J. H. Doggart

Iris images are taken with normal visible wavelength pictures, as well as pictures in the [blank] band.

NIR

The United States Marines and Army use [blank] iris biometric system to identify friend or foe on the battlefield.

NIR

The [blank] contains a NGI database of millions of palm prints to be used in criminal investigations and processes.

NPPS

The acronym NGI stands for [blank].

Next Generation Identification

True or False: Due to the complicated nature of obtaining and analyzing retina scans, this technology is not easy to implement in the field.

True

True or False: Over 16 states are participating in the FBI's facial recognition program.

True

True or False: The manner in which an individual types on a keyboard is unique.

True

The two main functions of biometrics are [blank] and [blank].

biometric matching, identication

Elastic Bunch Graph Matching is a [blank] facial recognition program.

model-based

A second process known as the [blank] module compares all collected files to the system's database.

template generation

The [blank] is a NGI database containing 30 million front-facing photos of individuals with tenprints on file.

Interstate Phote System

The [blank] program was developed by Dr. John Daugman for the analysis and verification of the human iris.

IrisCode

The [blank] system was implemented in 2014 to replace the existing fingerprint IAFIS database.

Next Generation Identification

To combat the obstacles that conflict with facial recognition software, various techniques have been developed to create an accurate verification/matching and identification process. All of these techniques can be placed under two categories: [blank] and [blank].

appearance- based, model-based facial recognition

The first process that each biometric system must perform is [blank].

feature extraction

Hats, glasses, and facial hair can obstruct a [blank] biometrics scan.

forensic

With the [blank] method, an individual would be asked to stand a set distance from a normal digital camera and a high-definition photo is taken of the face.

identification

The [blank] is the colored section in the eye around the pupil.

iris

Facial scans are [blank] accurate than iris scans.

less

A facial recognition scan can be tricked by a simple [blank].

obstruction

One of the main causes of stolen accounts and information in computer systems is the use of weak [blank].

passwords

29. A 2D Gabor wavelet filters the iris into multiple partitions know as [blank].

phasors

Many forms of biometric technology are available today, but the majority of them can be split into two different groups. The first group is [blank] biometrics, which contains fingerprints, hand, iris, retina, and facial scans. The second group is [blank] biometrics, which is much less stable and includes handwriting, voice, keystroke, and gait recognition.

physiological, behavioral

The iris begins to form at the [blank] stage of pregnancy, where muscle fibers start to take shape and construct tight patterns.

prenatal

The [blank] is composed of neural cells in the back of the eyeball that provide a "screen" for the cornea and lens to display an image on. The [bank] is responsible for obtaining a clear picture of what a person is actually seeing.

retina, retina

The near infrared wavelength band is located within the [blank]-[blank] nm range of the electromagnetic spectrum.

700-900

The NGI system utilized complex matching algorithms that changed the fingerprint accuracy rating from [blank] to [blank] percent.

92, 99

The FBI has implemented the [blank] system to quickly search a fingerprint database containing terrorists and other high-risk individuals.

AFIT

Which biometric refers to an individual's different posture, step length, speed, and foot positioning in regards to the way they walk from one place to another?

Behavioral Biometrics

[blank] is a cutting-edge type of access control that accurately and efficiently identifies humans

Biometrics

A significant advantage of automated facial recognition, as compared to the other different forms of biometrics, is that it does not require subjects to participate. Millions of people can be walking by a [blank] each day without realizing that they are being scanned and identified.

CCTV camera

31. Matthew Turk and Alex Pentland used [blank] to automate facial recognition in attempts to identify and authenticate individuals from a series of faces.

Eigenface