Chapter 7: Health Disparities

2. Which of the following is the definition of health disparity? A. A difference in health outcomes B. An unequal and unjust difference in health outcomes C. A social factor that impacts health outcomes and contributes to disparity D. Access to health care for everyone without financial hardship

A. A difference in health outcomes

11. A nurse is working in a community center and notices a high rate of obesity in its members. The nurse suspects that poor access to fresh fruits and vegetables may be partially responsible. What should the nurse do first when formulating a plan? A. Assess the social determinants in the community. B. Implement a plan to increase access to fresh produce. C. Outline the steps needed to address the disparity. D. Formulate a community diagnosis.

A. Assess the social determinants in the community.

10. A nurse is teaching an in-service for new nurses on the importance of cultural sensitivity when caring for patients. Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Ethnic diversity of health-care staff plays little role in the reduction of health-care inequalities. B. Translators should always be used when a patient does not speak English as a primary language. C. Nurses and other health-care workers may often display discriminatory behavior without realizing it. D. Nurses must always work as patient advocates to make sure that the patient is receiving culturally sensitive care.

A. Ethnic diversity of health-care staff plays little role in the reduction of health-care inequalities.

15.During a lecture on health disparities, a student asks the instructor how communities with great access to health care can still have poor health outcomes. How should the instructor respond? A. Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how they access preventative care. B. The student is incorrect. Communities with good access to care have good health outcomes. C. This phenomenon only occurs in communities where the quality of health care is poor. D. Members of these communities only have access to primary-care providers, which reduces the quality of care they receive.

A. Social determinants of health determine how people respond to health threats and how they access preventative care.

14. A research nurse is looking for funding to study health disparities in a community—an ethnically and economically diverse inner city neighborhood. The nurse is trying to apply evidence from controlled studies to see how they correlate in the real world. What type of study is the nurse designing? A. Translational B. Causation C. Correlation D. Observational

A. Translational

1. A nurse is studying the increased infant mortality rate at a local hospital in a largely African American community. The nurse notes that there are very few options for prenatal care in the community and recognizes that this is an example of: A. Health disparity B. Health inequity C. Health injustice D. Social determinant of health

B. Health inequity

9.Researchers have found that investment in which of the following would have had a greater effect on health disparities than the investment in new medical technology? A. Improving quality of health care B. Increasing access to education for everyone C. Implementing universal health care D. Decreasing crime rate

B. Increasing access to education for everyone

12. A nurse is performing an assessment of a very economically diverse community and realizes that while comparing income to health outcomes, the nurse must be careful to: A. Compare only the outcomes of the richest community members to the outcomes of the poorest community members. B. Recognize that income and outcomes exist on a scale, and look across the entire spectrum. C. Evaluate only the poorest health outcomes and where they land on the income spectrum. D. Evaluate only the poorest community members and their health outcomes.

B. Recognize that income and outcomes exist on a scale, and look across the entire spectrum.

5. Which of the following programs has been designed to work toward optimal health for all Americans? A. Racial and Ethnic Approaches to Health (REACH) B. Universal Health Care C. Healthy People D. EURO Health for All

C. Healthy People

7. A nurse manager has been working in a community health center for many years. In the recent months, the nurse manager has noticed a dramatic increase in the number of Hispanic clients coming in to the center with uncontrolled diabetes. Which of the following is the best way to address the situation? A. Speak with local providers about decreasing the length of time between follow-up visits. B. Involve pharmacists in counseling newly diagnosed patients about their insulin regimen. C. Perform a community assessment to determine why community members aren't properly caring for themselves. D. Develop several educational handouts about managing diabetes and have them translated into Spanish.

C. Perform a community assessment to determine why community members aren't properly caring for themselves.

13. A nurse is looking at reasons why members of a community are more likely to die from heart disease. The nurse finds several studies that suggest that social factors, such as ____, are more important than behavioral choices. A. Smoking B. High-fat or high-sugar diets C. Poverty D. Lack of exercise

C. Poverty

6.Which of the following statements about Healthy People is correct? A. Healthy People 2010 was successful in reaching its goal of ending health disparities. B. Healthy People 2010 focused on climate change as one of the key factors contributing to health inequities. C. The goal of Healthy People 2020 was expanded to include improving the health of all ages and groups, and to eliminate all health disparities and inequities. D. The goal of Healthy People 2010 was to reduce health disparities and inequity.

C. The goal of Healthy People 2020 was expanded to include improving the health of all ages and groups, and to eliminate all health disparities and inequities.

4. In a study performed by the Center for Economic and Political Studies, researchers found that between 2003 and 2006 the cost of health inequalities in the United States was approximately: A. $1 million B. $100 million C. $1 billion D. $1 trillion

D. $1 trillion

3. In many countries, which factors decrease infant mortality rate? A. Income B. Education level C. Neither 1 nor 2 D. Both 1 and 2

D. Both 1 and 2

8. A nurse educator is preparing a lesson on the issues surrounding the Affordable Care Act and universal health care. In 2005, which organization passed a resolution that states that every person should be able to access health-care services regardless of economic status? A. The Supreme Court B. The World Health Organization C. The United Nations D. The World Health Assembly

D. The World Health Assembly