Chapter 7: HW and Quiz

Q9. The axial skeleton includes ______________. 1) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage 2) arms, legs, hands, and feet 3) the skull, vertebral column, and pelvis 4) the skull, the scapula, and the vertebral column

1) the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage

Q8. Which vertebra does NOT have a body? 1) last cervical 2) last lumbar 3) atlas 4) axis

3) atlas

Q5. There are seven cervical, twelve thoracic, and five lumbar vertebrae. - True - False

True

Q11. Paranasal sinuses are found in which of these facial bones? 1) nasal conchae 2) maxillae 3) zygomatic bones 4) vomer

2) maxillae

Q12. The ______________ is the only bone in the body that does NOT directly articulate with any other bone. 1) temporal bone 2) vomer 3) hyoid bone 4) clavicle

3) hyoid bone

Q4. During late pregnancy, women may exhibit temporary lordosis. This is advantageous because temporary lordosis ______________. 1) makes it easier for a woman to site down with less muscular effort 2) makes it easier for a woman to stand up with less muscular effort 3) makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance 4) makes it easier for a woman to give birth while lying on her back

3) makes it easier for a woman to maintain her balance

Q1. Most facial bones articulate with the ____________. 1) vomer 2) nasal bones 3) maxillary bones 4) mandible

3) maxillary bone

Q7. Synovial joints are classified into six main categories based on _______________. 1) location 2) size 3) shape of articular surfaces 4) type of synovial fluid

3) shape of articular surfaces

What is the name of the first cervical vertebra? 1) Occiptal condyles 2) Axis 3) Superior articular process 4) Atlas

4) Atlas Correct. The atlas is essentially a ring of bone. Its structure is highly specialized to articulate with the skull.

What is the name of the second cervical vertebra? 1) Dens 2) Vertebra prominens 3) Atlas 4) Axis

4) Axis Correct. C2 is known as the axis. It has a bony projection called the odontoid process that articulates with C1. C1 can pivot around C2, allowing us to rotate our head/shake head "no".

Dysplasia of the hip may occur due to congenital malformation of the __________. 1) femur 2) sacrum 3) coccyx 4) pubis

4) Pubis The hip bone consists of three separate bones: ilium, ischium, and pubis. At the point of fusion of ilium, ischium, and pubis is a deep hemispherical socket called the acetabulum on the lateal surface of the pelvis. The acetabulum receives the head of the femur, or thigh bone, at this hip joint. In dysplasia of the hip, the acetablulum forms incompletely or the ligaments of the hip joint are lose, so the head of the femur slips out of its socket.

Identify a lateral projection of a vertebra. 1) Lamina 2) Superior articular process 3) Spinous process 4) Transverse process

4) Transverse process Correct. The transverse processes of a vertebra project laterally from the junction of the lamina and pedicle.

Q6. Which of the following bones is NOT part of the pectoral girdle? 1) the scapula 2) the coracoid process 3) the clavicle 4) the humerus

4) the humerus

Q13. A Pott's fracture could result in damage to all of the following except ______________. 1) lateral malleolus 2) fibular notch 3) inferior tibiofibular joint 4) tibial condyle

4) tibial condyle

Q2. The vomer and ethmoid bones form part of the ___________. 1) lacrimal fossa 2) nasal septum 3) orbits 4) lateral walls of the nasal cavity

2) nasal septum

Identify the major weight bearing part of a vertebra. 1) Body 2) Vertebral foramen 3) Lamina 4) Transverse process

1) Body Correct. The disk shaped bodies of vertebrae are stable and stackable. Most weight is distributed in this region.

During pregnancy and delivery, a hormone called relaxin is secreted to "relax" (soften) the pelvic ligaments and cervix. What pelvic girdle region would be a good target for this hormone to help open up the anterior pelvis during the birthing process? 1) pubis 2) ischium 3) ilium 4) sacrum

1) Pubis

The mandible is unique among the skull bones because of which of the following characteristics? 1) The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not joined to the other bones of the skull by immobile sutures. 2) The mandible is the only bone of the skull that contains a socketed margin called the alveolar process. 3) The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not paired. 4) The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not associated with a skull cavity.

1) The mandible is the only bone of the skull that is not joined to the other bones of the skull by immobile sutures. The mandible hinges where the condylar process of the mandible articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone.

The lambdoid suture is located between which skull bones? 1) the parietal and occipital bones 2) the temporal and the parietal bones 3) the two parietal bones 4) the frontal and parietal bones

1) The parietal and occipital bones The lambdoid suture is found on the posterior of the skull where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone.

Which of the following persons is the least likely to develop "flat feet" as an adult? 1) an Olympic sprinter 2) an Olympic marathon runner 3) a soldier assigned to prolonged guard duty 4) an Olympic weight-lifter

1) an Olympic sprinter Sprinting puts only short-duration stress on the arch of the foot.

Q10. The hyoid bone is unique because it ________________. 1) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone 2) is the only bone formed by the fusion of right and left halves 3) is the only irregular bone found in the neck 4) is composed of three bones joined together

1) is the only bone of the body that does not articulate with any other bone

A cleft palate arises when the right and left _____________ bones fail to fuse medially during fetal development. 1) maxillae 2) mandibles 3) inferior nasal conchae 4) middle nasal conchae

1) maxillae The palatine processes of the maxillae form the anterior two-thirds of the hard palate.

Q3. If a herniated disc in the lumbar region is treated by surgically removing the invertebral disc and doing a bone graft between the adjoining vertebrae, one of the consequences might be _______________. 1) reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back 2) gradual growth of a replacement invertebral disc in the space between the vertebrae 3) increased shock absorbance qualities in the invertebral discs located immediately above and below the graft in order to compensate for the removal of the herniated disc 4) all of the listed responses are correct

1) reduced flexibility of the spine in the lower back

Since mastoid infections may spread to the brain, surgical removal of the mastoid process was once considered to be the best way to prevent brain inflammation. Unfortunately, this also had the side-effect of causing ____________. 1) deafness in the adjacent ear 2) impaired head and neck movements 3) difficulties in maintaining body balance 4) swallowing problems

2) Impaired head and neck movements This region of the temporal bone is the origin for the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which, unilaterally, draws the head toward the ipsilateral shoulder and rotates head to the opposite side and, bilaterally, flexes the neck.

Which of the following structures would not be found within a vertebral foramen? 1) Spinal cord 2) Invertebral discs 3) Spinal nerve roots 4) Dura mater

2) Invertebral discs The intervertebral discs are located in between the vertebral bodies. They form a symphysis with the bodies and act as a shock absorber.

Identify the region of the skull that articulates with the atlas. 1) Superior articular facets 2) Occipital condyles 3) Foramen magnum 4) Mastoid processes

2) Occipital condyles Correct. The occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint.

Which of the following is NOT a function of the facial bones of the skull? 1) anchor muscles used to show feelings and expressions 2) protect the brain from trauma 3) contain cavities for the sense of sight, taste, and smell 4) provide openings for air and food

2) Protect the brain from trauma The cranial cavity, which does protect the brain, is not made up of facial bones.

During cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), it is important to place the compression hands over the sternal body but not over the xiphoid process so that _________. 1) only the sternal body is compressed while the other two regions of the sternum are not moved at all during the procedure 2) there is little risk of physically damaging the heart 3) the xiphoid process is allowed to continue protecting the underlying stomach 4) the xiphoid process is permitted to help the lungs inflate with air

2) there is little risk of physically damaging the heart During CPR the heart is compressed between the sternum and spine. When done properly, the heart never comes into direct contact with any bony prominence that could cause severe cardiac trauma.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to rotate our head, e.g. shaking the head "no". 1) Occipital bone - Axis 2) Axis - C3 3) Atlas - Axis 4) Occipital bone - Atlas

3) Atlas - Axis Correct. The prominent projection known as dens on the axis forms a pivot joint with the atlas, allowing the atlas to rotate around the axis. The axis is a very sensible name for C2 since it serves as a central axis for rotation of the atlas.

Individual vertebrae articulate with each other forming the vertebral column. Identify the part of a vertebra that articulates immediately with the vertebra below it. 1) Spinous process 2) Superior articular processes 3) Inferior articular processes 4) Transverse processes

3) Inferior articular processes Correct. The inferior articular processes contact the superior articular process of the vertebra below it, forming a moveable synovial joint.

Identify the articulation site that allows us to nod our head "yes". 1) Occipital bone - C2 2) Occipital bone - Axis 3) Occipital bone - Atlas 4) Atlas - Axis

3) Occipital bone - Atlas Correct. The padlike occipital condyles found on both sides of foramen magnum sit on top of the plate like superior articular processes of the atlas, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. The articular surfaces permit nodding of the head in a "yes" motion (flexion and extension).

Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. 1) Transverse process 2) Superior articular process 3) Spinous process 4) Inferior articular process

3) Spinous process The spinous process extends posteriorly in a median plane. It serves as a site of muscle and ligament attachment.

Why would the male pelvis exhibit more prominent (pronounced) bone markings than the female pelvis? 1) taller physical stature 2) more dietary calcium 3) longer gait (stride) 4) larger leg muscles

4) Larger leg muscles

In order to perceive the sense of smell, signals from odor receptors in the nasal cavity must be sent to the brain through which skull structures? 1) the median palatine suture of the palatine bones 2) the foramen rotundum of the sphenoid bone 3) the lacrimal fossa of the lacrimal bones 4) the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone

4) the cribriform foramina of the ethmoid bone As the name suggests, cribriform foramina are tiny holes in the cribriform plates of the ethmoid. Olfactory nerves for the sense of smell pass through these holes.