Chapter 7-Input and Output

capabilities of a SmartTV

a SMART TV is an Internet-enabled HDTV from which you can browse the web, stream video from online media services, listen to Internet radio, communicate with others on social media sites, play online games, and more-all while watching a television show

Videoconference

a VIDEOCONFERENCE is a meeting between two or more geographically separated people who use a network or the Internet to transmit audio and video data

HARDWARE and DEVICES used for VOICE and AUDIO INPUT

a microphone may be built in the computer or device, in a headset, or an external peripheral device that sits on top of a desk or other surface for voice input -some external microphones have a cable that attaches to a port on a computer, others communicate using wireless technology, such as a Bluetooth

All-IN-ONE PRINTER

aka MULTIFUNCTION PRINTER (MFP) is a single device that looks like a printer or a copy machine but provides the functionality of a printer, scanner, copy machine, and perhaps a fax machine

TOUCH INPUT:

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a POINTER is a small symbol on the screen whose location and shape change as a user moves a pointing device

A POINTING DEVICE can select text, graphics, and other objects such as buttons, icons, links, and menu commands

You can INTERACT with a touch screen by touching the areas of the screen with your finger or a stylus to make selections or to begin typing. Many touch screens also respond to gestures.

Before calibrating the TOUCH SCREEN, clean it. Then, access your device's touch screen settings. Next, choose the option to calibrate the touch screen. When the calibration process is complete, verify the touch screen is working properly.

a DATA COLLECTION DEVICE obtains device directly at the location where the transaction or event takes place. For example, employees use bar code readers, handheld computers, or other mobile devices to collect data wirelessly.

These types of data collection devices are used in restaurants, grocery stores, factories, warehouses, the outdoors, or other locations where heat, humidity, and cleanliness are not easy to control -For example, factories and retail stores use data collection devices to take inventory and order products

IMPACT PRINTERS

forms characters and graphics on a piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper

Setting up and using a webcam

if the WEBCAM included software, install the software on your computer or mobile device before connecting the webcam. Next, connect the webcam to your computer or mobile device. If no software accompanied your webcam, connect the webcam to the computer or mobile device. When the computer or mobile device acknowledges that a webcam has been connected, run the app that will use the webcam. Display the app's settings and make sure the app recognizes the webcam

Laser printers usually print at faster speeds

than ink-jet printers. Depending on the quality, speed, and type of laser printer, the cost ranges from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars for the home and small office user, and several hundred thousand dollars for the enterprise user

Military

uses motion input including training, such as flight simulation or weapon usage. -motion input also aids in physical rehabilitation for wounded soldiers by providing a method of conducting physical therapy exercises outside of a military hospital -another use of MI is to assist in recovery from PTSD

INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD

-is a touch-sensitive device, resembling a dry-erase board, that displays the image on a connected computer screen, usually via a projector

Portable media players

-widely use touch as the primary method of input so that the size of the screen on the device is maximized

PRINTER TYPES

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Webcam Security Issues

Webcams are used for home security, as well as in public areas, such as shopping malls, parking lots, and school cafeterias, where they help with surveillance measures and record everyday activity. Webcam use is criticized when the live feeds are used in a manner without the recorded partie's consent. If you have a webcam, unplug it when not in use, cover the lens, register the hardware, and create a strong password.

Liquid crystal display (LCD)

sandwiches a liquid compound between two sheets of material that presents sharp, flicker-free images on a screen when illuminated. -The light source, called the backlight, often uses either CCFL (cold cathode flourescent lamp) or

AMOLED (active-matrix OLED)

screen uses both active-matrix and OLED technologies, combining the benefits of high-quality viewing from all angles with lower power consumption

QR Codes

-A QR code can correspond to a web address or other information, such as bank account or credit card information. -QR codes can be read with a QR bar code reader or a QR code reader app on a smartphone or other mobile device

Digitizer

-A graphics tablet, aka DIGITIZER, is an electronic plastic board that detects and converts movements of a stylus or digital pen into digital signals that are sent to the computer

Navigation systems

in cars and other vehicles use touch input in many ways, including tapping to enter a destination address, dragging to display different areas of the map, or pinching and stretching to zoom

Touch-enabled desktop

monitors and screens on laptops and tablets allow users to interact with the operating system without a keyboard or pointing device, by tapping or double-tapping the item -the gestures you might perform on a smartphone that supports touch input include tapping to run an app, sliding or swiping to scroll, and pinching and stretching to zoom

Entertainment

motion-sensing devices communicate with a game console or a personal computer using wired or wireless technology. The console or computer translates a player's natural gestures, facial movements, and full-body motion into input

Motion Input

or GESTURE RECOGNITION, users can guide on-screen elements using air gestures

LCD PROJECTOR

which uses LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY technology, attaches directly to a computer or mobile device and uses its own light source to display the info. shown on the computer screen

LED (light-emitting diode) technology

-A display that uses LED for the backlight often is called an LED display or an LED LCD display. LED displays consume less power, last longer, and are thinner, lighter and brighter than a display that uses CCFL technology, but they also may be more expensive. -Screens in laptops and mobile devices often use LED backlight technology

Issues surrounding using a MOBILE DEVICE when driving

-Critics say that using a hands-free device gives people a false sense of security -Others claim that drivers can be just as easily distracted if they are discussing business or emotional matters -A recent study stated that talking on a phone while driving effects driver's response times as much as if they had consumed alcohol

-FINGERPRINT READERS capture the curves and indentations of a person's fingertip, and the software stores a template of this pattern. -Security issues can arise if this template is stolen, duplicated, and then used to bypass the security of the system it was meant to protect

-SECURITY EXPERTS recommended that access to accounts should be granted with this hardware and two other components: AN OBJECT, such as a MOBILE PHONE, ID CARD, or SECURITY TOKEN; and knowledge such as a PASSWORD, PIN or response to a question -False sense of security

a DISPLAY DEVICE is an output device that visually conveys text, graphics, and video information. a MONITOR is a display that is packaged as a separate peripheral device.

-Some monitors have a tilt-and-swivel base, which allows you to adjust the angle of the screen to minimize neck strain and reduce glare from overhead lighting. With some, you also can rotate the screen. Adjustable monitor stands allow you to adjust the height of the monitor -Monitor controls enable you to adjust the brightness, contrast, positioning, height and width of images -Some have touch screens, integrated speakers, and/or a built-in webcam. For additional space savings, some monitors are wall mountable

Most SURROUND SOUND COMPUTER SPEAKER SYSTEMS include one or two center speakers and two or more satellite speakers that are positioned so that sound emits from all directions. -Speakers typically have tone and volume controls, allowing users to adjust settings

-TO BOOST LOW BASS SOUNDS, surround sound speaker systems also include a SUBWOOFER. -In some configurations, a cable connects the speakers or the subwoofer to a port on the computer or device. -With wireless speakers, however, a transmitter connects to a port on the computer, which wirelessly communicates with the speakers

Many sources are available to FUND ASSISTIVE TECHNOLOGIES, including health insurance, and gov't programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, or Social Security. -In addition, private or nonprofit groups may provide grants or donations -Many libraries offer digital versions of books, including digital Braille and audio, for those with visual impairments or dyslexia -Patrons must fill out a request that includes recommendations from a doctor

-The INDIVIDUALS With DISABILITIES EDUCATION ACT (IDEA) requires that public schools provide free appropriate education for all students -Because technology is an increasingly important part of a student's education, schools are required to purchase or acquire funding for adaptive technologies for students who need them, -If a student's parents provide an assistive technology that a student uses at school, the school MUST PAY to repair and service this device

Methods and devices for using PEN INPUT

-With PEN INPUT, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat surface to write, draw, or make selections. A stylus is a small metal or plastic device that looks like a tiny ink pen but uses pressure instead of ink -a DIGITAL PEN is an input device that captures and converts a user's handwriting or drawings into a digital format, which users can upload (transfer) to a computer or mobile device

Types of scanners and reading devices

-an OPTICAL SCANNER, usually called a SCANNER is a light-sensing input device that reads printed text and graphics and then translates the results into a form the computer can process. -A FLATBED SCANNER works in a manner similar to a copy machine except it creates a file of the document in memory instead of a paper copy -AN OPTICAL READER is a device that uses a light source to read characters, marks and codes and then converts them into digital data that a computer can process

-SPACE VEHICLES contain a huge amount of sensors that measure environmental variables such as temperature, velocity, position, and altitude -If the sensors return readings outside an acceptable range, computers correct any problems or notify mission managers as necessary -Employees work around the clock monitoring the output from the spacecraft's sensors while it is in flight and communicating to astronauts any actions required to ensure a continued safe mission -In addition to keeping the spacecraft safe while in orbit, computers also help guide the spacecraft into and out of orbit

-to reach INTERNATIONAL SPACE STATION, spacecraft can be launched safely only during specified launch time frames -Once the spacecraft is launched, it must travel in a precise direction at an exact velocity to ensure a successful mission -As the mission nears completion and a capsule containing the astronauts reenters the atmosphere, onboard computers position the capsule precisely so that the extreme temperatures at the reentry interface do not cause catastrophic damage -Furthermore, these onboard computers help to ensure that the capsule touches down in a safe location

OLED (organic LED)

-uses organic molecules that are self-illuminating and, thus, do not require a backlight -OLED displays consume less power and produce an even brighter, easier-to-read display than LCD or LED displays, but they can have a shorter lifespan -OLEDs also can be fabricated on thin, flexible surfaces -Many mobile computers and devices use either AMOLED or Retina Display technology

Safety issues surrounding hardware radiation

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Differentiate among LCD, LED, OLED, and AMOLED technologies....

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Many retailers see RFID as an alternative to bar code identification because it does not require direct contact or line-of site transmission.Each product in a store would contain a tag that identifies the product.

As consumers remove products from the store shelves and walk through a checkout area, an RFID reader reads the tag(s) and communicates with a computer that calculates the amount due and updates memory.

Whether an institution should CHARGE students printing fees

Due to BUDGETARY CONCERNS and to curb excessive or wasteful spending, some colleges and schools require students to pay printing costs -One school's website states that on average 1,400 sheets of paper are recycled in the IT center each week, many of which students sent to the printer but then never picked up

Besides voice recognition, which is ideal for blind or visually impaired users, several other INPUT options are available. Users with LIMITED HAND MOBILITY who want to use a keyboard can use an on-screen keyboard or a keyboard with larger keys. -Users with limited hand movement can use a head-mounted pointer to control the pointer or insertion point.

For users with MOBILITY, HEARING, or VISION DISABILITIES, many different types of OUTPUT options are available -Hearing-impaired users, can instruct programs to display words instead of sounds. -Visually impaired users can change screen settings, such as increasing the size or changing the color of the text to make the words easier to read -Instad of using a monitor, blind users can work with voice output -That is, the computer speaks out loud the information that appears on the screen. -Another alternative is a Braille printer

technologies used by HDTV

HDTV (High Definition Television) works with digital broadcast signals, transmits digital sound, supports wide screens, and provides high resolutions

Every ELECTRONIC DEVICE emits some level of radiation. While the amounts for computers and mobile devices are not considered harmful in LOW DOSES, some critics argue that constant exposure, such as sitting in an office all day or wearing a Bluetooth headset for several hours at a time, can cause levels of radiation that, over time, may cause cancer or other health concerns

In addition to the computer itself, peripheral devices, such as printers, along with the wireless or cordless methods to connect the devices, emit radiation -Most agree that it is not the level from any one device, but rather the cumulative effect from long-term exposure (several hours a day over many years) to multiple devices simultaneously that causes harm

how resolution affects PRINTER QUALITY

PRINTER RESOLUTION is measured by number of DOTS per INCH (DPI) a printer can print -With an ink-jet printer, a dot is a drop of ink. A higher dpi means the print quality is higher because the drops of ink are smaller and more drops fit in an area. The difference in quality becomes noticeable when the size of the printed image increases

how a photoprinter uses PictBridge

PictBridge is a standard technology that allows you to print photos directly from a digital camera by connecting a cable from the digital camera to a USB port on the printer -While the laser printers usually cost more than ink-jet printers, many models are available at affordable prices for the home user

Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing game controllers also function as output devices when they include FORCE FEEDBACK, which is a technology that sends resistance to the device in response to actions of the user

Some INPUT DEVICES, such as a mouse, and mobile devices, such as a smartphone, include TACTILE OUTPUT that provides the user with a physical response from the device

A voice recognition application allows users to dictate text and enter instructions by speaking into a microphone. On mobile devices, these applications allow users to speak simple, task-based instructions to the device, such as setting an alarm, entering a calendar appointment, or making a call

Some mobile devices have a DICTATION FEATURE, which recognizes a user's spoken words and enters them into email messages, text messages, or other applications that support typed text entry

To enter HIGH QUALITY audio input into a computer, the computer uses a sound card or integrated sound capability. Users enter sound into a computers and mobile devices via devices such as microphones, CD/DVD/Blu-ray Disc players, or radios, each of which plugs in a port on the computer or device

Some users also record live music and other sound effects into a computer by connecting external music devices such as an electric keyboard, guitar, drums, harmonica, and microphones to a computer

When used for malicious purposes, criminals use KEYBOARD MONITORING SOFTWARE on both public and private computers to capture user names, passwords, credit card numbers, and other sensitive data and then use this data to access financial accounts and private networks

When used in a positive light, employers can measure the efficiency of data entry personnel. This software also can verify that employees are not releasing company secrets, are not view personal or inappropriate content on work computers, and are not engaging in activities that could subject the company to harassment, hacking or other similar charges

Medical field

also uses motion input for training, -surgeons can practice new technologies in a simulated environment

PLOTTERS

are sophisticated printers used to produce high-quality drawings such as BLUEPRINTS, MAPS, and CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS

DLP PROJECTOR

digital light processing projector uses tiny mirrors to reflect light, which produces crisp, bright, colorful images that remain in focus and can be seen clearly, even in a well-lit room

THERMAL PRINTER

generates images by pushing electrically heated pins against heat-sensitive paper.

Touch input

helps digital camera users perform gestures such as swiping left and right on the screen -users typically interact with kiosks by tapping various areas of the screen to select options. -if typing is required, an on-screen keyboard is displayed so that users can enter information, such as their name, or a confirmation number

DATA PROJECTOR

is a device that takes the text and images displaying on a computer or mobile device screen and projects the images on a larger screen so that an audience can see the image clearly

LABEL PRINTER

is a small printer that prints on an adhesive-type material that can be placed on a variety of items such as envelopes, packages, optical discs, photos and file folders

MOBILE PRINTER

is a small, lightweight, battery-powered printer that allows a mobile user to print from a laptop, smartphone, or other mobile device while traveling

What is needed to print BLUETOOTH

with BLUETOOTH PRINTING, a computer or other device transmits output to a printer via radio waves. -The computer or other device and the printer do not have to be aligned with each other; rather, they need to be within an approximate 30-foot range