Chapter 7 nervous system

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of events that correlates to the sequence of events of a nerve impulse? 1. the membrane becomes depolarized 2. sodium channels open and sodium ions diffuse inward 3. the membrane becomes repolarized 4. potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse outward

2, 1, 4, 3

Which disease is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain that ultimately results in dementia and is associated with a shortage of acetylcholine?

Alzheimer's disease

What statement best describes the resting state of a neuron?

Neurons are polarized with more sodium ions outside the cell and more potassium ions inside the cell.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions are two arms of the ________.

autonomic nervous system

The part of the neuron that typically conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body is the ________.

axon

What brain dysfunction results when blood supply to a region (or regions) of the brain is blocked and vital brain tissue dies, as by a blood clot or a ruptured blood vessel?

cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or stroke

Which one of the following is the correct sequence of nerves that exit the spinal cord, from superior to inferior?

cervical spinal nerves, thoracic spinal nerves, lumbar spinal nerves, sacral spinal nerves

The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the ________.

medulla oblongata

Mr. Warren has spinal cord damage that prevents nerve impulses from being carried from the CNS to muscles or glands. What specific type of neuron has been damaged?

motor neurons

The gaps between Schwann cells found at regular intervals in peripheral system neurons are called ________.

nodes of ranvier

Which of these neuroglial cells forms the myelin sheath in the central nervous system?

oligodendrocytes

What division of the autonomic nervous system is often called the "rest-and-digest" division?

parasympathetic

The delicate innermost membrane, or meningeal layer, that clings to the surface of the brain and spinal cord is known as the ________ mater.

pia

The hypothalamus regulates the ________.

pituitary gland

During repolarization, what ions are pumped out of the cell?

potassium

Which of the following is the correct sequence in a typical reflex arc?

receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

What are the major positive ions situated outside the neuron when it is polarized?

sodium ions

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) mobilizes the body during extreme situations, such as rage or fear?

sympathetic division

Neurons either conduct action potentials along the length of their axons, or they remain at rest. This statement best describes ________.

the all-or-none response

The blood-brain barrier is formed by ________ junctions that nearly seamlessly bind capillaries in the brain.

tight

Gray matter contains collections of unmyelinated fibers and cell bodies in the central nervous system.

true

How many pairs of cranial nerves branch from the surface of the brain?

twelve

What are the two major functional properties of neurons?

irritability and conductivity