Chapter 7 Psychology

After the first few months of life, babies enter what is known as the ________ stage, during which time they tend to produce single syllables, such as buh-buh, that are repeated over and over.

Babbling

Ilayda assumes that her professors spend their free time reading books and engaging in intellectual conversation, because the idea of them spending their time playing volleyball or visiting an amusement park does not fit in with her stereotypes of professors. This exemplifies ________.

Representational bias

Who developed the triarchic theory of intelligence?

Robert sternberg

Samara meets a nurse. She immediately assumes he is able to help care for sick people, works long hours, and dispenses advice about illness because her ________ schema suggests that nurses behave this way.

Role

Carmela believes her assistant, Lian, is incompetent. She notices only what Lian does wrong while ignoring the above average quality of most of her work. This exemplifies ________ bias.

Confirmation

What is confirmation bias?

a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions

the analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ______

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

______ concepts are ones that we know by a specific set of characteristics that are always exhibited, such as what defines different basic shapes

artificial

Why are event schemata difficult to change? They are ________.

automatic

______ encompasses the processes associated with perception, knowledge, problem solving, judgement, language, and memory

cognition

_______ are categories of groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences

concepts

Kai cuts her foot while hiking. She forgot to pack bandages, but she has a tube of superglue and uses that to seal the wound. Kai's ability to invent a solution uses the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

creative

______ intelligence is marked by inventing or imagining a solution to a problem or situation

creative

Bernadette has difficulty spelling words correctly while writing and mixes up letters within words and sentences. Which learning disability does she have?

dyslexia

children who live in poverty perform worse on intelligence tests because they ______

experience more pervasive daily stress, which affects how the brain functions and develops, thus causing a dip in IQ scores

The likelihood of functional fixedness occurring may be influenced by culture, and it is________.

experienced in both industrial and preindustrial countries equally

Natural concepts are mental groupings created naturally through our ________

experiences

which concept is a type of mental set where you cannot perceive an object being used for something other than what it was designed for?

functional fixedness

The word ________ is both a morpheme and a phoneme.

i

Jake is sympathetic and considerate of his friends' moods. He really identifies with their feelings and readily understands their point of view. He is well-known around campus, and he has great relationships with his classmates and professors. Which area of intelligence does this exemplify?

interpersonal

What is the flynn effect?

observation that each generation has a significantly higher IQ than the previous generation

the average score on an IQ test is 100. In modern IQ testing, one standard deviation is 15 points. Someone with an IQ of 115 would be described as _______

one standard deviation above the mean

Which of the following is an example of an abstract, complex concept

patriotism

A(n) is a basic sound unit of a given language

phoneme

Anwar dresses for a cold fall day and steps outside to find it sunny and hot. He goes back inside to change out of his sweater and jeans into a shirt and shorts. Anwar is demonstrating the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

practical

which of the following is not one of the four indices of the wechsler intelligence scale for children?

processing memory

A(n) _______ is the best example, or representation, of a concept

prototype

which term refers to the process by which we derive meaning from morphemes and words?

semantics

Mel is an adult who can take care of his basic needs, but he requires oversight while he paints and someone to check on his living conditions daily. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Mel?

severe

Mikel can look at an engineering plan and quickly build a scale model. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

spatial

From a psychological perspective, the term cognition means ________.

thinking

Sensations and information are received by our brains, filtered though emotions and memories, and processed to become ______

thoughts

A(n) ______ involves approaching a problem in a way that has worked in the past, but it is clearly no longer working

mental set

_______ and ______ are powerful influences on both our thoughts and behaviors

Emotions; memory

Niaz's car breaks down, and he is convinced that it was a predictable event even though there was no way of knowing it would happen. This exemplifies ________.

Hindsight

What was the most controversial claim in Arthur Jensen's article, "How much can we boost IQ and achievement"?

Level II intelligence is most prevalent among asains, followed by caucasians, then african americans

What impact did Genie's early isolation have on her ability to acquire language? She never developed a(n) _______

Mastery of the grammatical aspects of language

An anchoring bias occurs when you focus on ________.

One piece of information versus all of the information

which of the following statements about algorithms is false?

algorithms are used frequently in our everyday lives

What do concepts of representational bias, anchoring bias, and hindsight bias all have in common?

all of the concepts are examples of mental set

Tasks that require you to compare, contrast, or evaluate are using the ________ intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence.

analytical

in howard garner's multiple intelligence theory, the _____ intelligence and _____ intelligence is often combined into a single type: emotional intelligence

interpersonal; intrapersonal

which term refers to the vocabulary of a language?

lexicon

Reth is known for his ability and interest in writing. He won an award for his short story, "A Bear in the Woods," and was named Young Poet of the Year at his high school. He is currently working on a book titled, When Harry Potter Attacks. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

linguistic

Nima excels at working with numbers in subjects such as calculus and algebra. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

logical-mathematical

Schemata are a(an) ________.

method of organizing information that allows the brain to work more efficiently

Emily is an adult with a 4th-grade skill level in reading, writing, and math. Her doctor suggests there is no reason she can't find a job and live independently. Which subtype of intellectual disability describes Emily?

mild

which of the following is not one of the four subtypes of intellectual disability?

modest

a _____ is the smallest unit of language that conveys some type of meaning

morpheme

Aram is proficient in playing a number of instruments and can easily learn new songs and rhythms. This exemplifies ________ intelligence.

musical