Chapter 7 Quiz

Steve has been at his job for 10 years and loves it. He knows it​ doesn't pay as much as he might make at another​organization, but he loves the work​ itself, the people that he works​ with, and his manager. In​ fact, Steve really sees the organization as his extended family. Each month they hold family picnics and many of the employees socialize together. Which level of​ Maslow's hierarchy of needs does this​ reflect? A. Social B. Status C. Safety D. Esteem E. ​Self-actualization

A. Social

Jim perceives that his new assistant is​ well-trained and​ knowledgeable, but she has little confidence in her abilities. He makes a point of telling her frequently that he is impressed with her skills and is convinced that​ she's going to excel in her job. According to​ self-efficacy theory, which method of increasing his​ assistant's self-efficacy is Jim​ using? A. Verbal persuasion B. Arousal C. Enactive mastery D. Vicarious modeling E. Instinctive selection

A. Verbal persuasion

Amalia really wanted that new position at work and knew that in order to get it she would have to increase her skill set and shadow a fellow​ worker, Stan, to learn some new processes.​ However, every time Amalia decided that she had a few minutes to shadow Stan she would get caught up in something else and the opportunity would pass.​ Amalia's failure to shadow Stan so far speaks to her​ _______________. A. direction B. intensity C. persistence D. process fixation E. good work habits

A. direction

Matt just​ couldn't seem to make sense of the new process for billing. Although​ frustrated, Matt was determined to learn the new system and decided to take the manuals home over the weekend to study them and vowed to keep studying them until he fully understood the new process.​ Matt's decision is an example of​ ________________. A. persistence B. affiliation C. promotion focus D. direction E. process fixation

A. persistence

Under​ social-learning theory, what four processes influence a​ model's impact on individual​ behavior? A. ​Attentional, retention, motor​ reproduction, and reinforcement B. ​Reinforcement, repetition,​ relay, and recognition C. ​Retention, detention,​ attention, and reinforcement D. ​Attentional, conceptualization,​ reinforcement, and feedback E. Motor​ reproduction, reinforcement,​ activity, and assessment

A. ​Attentional, retention, motor​ reproduction, and reinforcement

​"It's strange," said Marcia.​ "I started work at the Humane Society as a volunteer. I put in 15 hours a week helping people adopt pets. And I loved coming to work.​ Then, 3 months​ ago, they hired me​ full-time at​ $11 an hour.​ I'm doing the same work I did before. But​ I'm not finding it nearly as much​ fun." This attitude can be attributed to which of the​following? A. ​Self-determination theory B. ​Self-actualization level of​ Maslow's hierarchy C. Cognitive evaluation theory D. Esteem level of​ Maslow's hierarchy E. ​Self-concordance

A. ​Self-determination theory

Lucinda was new to her position and looking for ways to motivate her team. One of the issues that she had noticed with her team was that they​ didn't seem convinced that they could actually accomplish the new goals that had been set. To help resolve this​ problem, Lucinda began providing additional feedback and setting achievable goals that helped convince the team they really could accomplish the new goals. This is an example of​ __________. A. ​self-efficacy theory B. equity theory C. reinforcement theory D. needs theory E. expectancy theory

A. ​self-efficacy theory

Gayle started a new job as a cashier at the local grocery store. The store manager had Gayle practice each task that needed to be accomplished. When she completed a task​ correctly, the manager praised her. When she did a task​incorrectly, she was reprimanded and the manager made her repeat the task. This is an example of​_______________________. A. feedforward conditioning B. reinforcement theory C. ​self-efficacy D. operant conditioning E. goal setting theory

B. reinforcement theory

​________________focuses on the belief that one is capable of accomplishing the task while​ ____________focuses on learning through both observation and direct experience. A. Operant​ conditioning; expectancy theory B. ​Self-efficacy theory; social learning theory C. Goal setting​ theory; reinforcement theory D. Operant​ conditioning; self-efficacy E. Social learning​ theory; reinforcement theory

B. ​Self-efficacy theory; social learning theory

Alison has compared herself on the job to Kris. Both occupy comparable positions in the organization and have been with the company for the same number of years. Alison has an MBA and Kris has a​ bachelor's degree. Alison works through lunches most days while Kris goes to lunch every day and returns late most days. Alison perceives the quality and quantity of her work to be a higher level than that of Kris. Yet Alison believes that Kris makes more money than she does. Alison thinks she is underpaid compared to Kris. What motivation theory is Alison using in her​ comparison? A. ​Goal-setting theory B. ​Two-factor theory C. Equity theory D. Expectancy theory E. Learned needs theory

C. Equity theory

Which of the following statements is TRUE in terms of implications of​ goal-setting theory for​ managers? A. Employees should not participate in goal setting. B. Goals affect performance more strongly when the tasks are interdependent. C. Goals should be specific and difficult. D. ​Group-based goals appear to be more effective in collectivist cultures than in individualist cultures. E. ​Self-generated feedback is not as productive or powerful than externally generated feedback.

C. Goals should be specific and difficult.

Lamar was happy with his position within the organization. One day at lunch he overheard a couple of colleagues talking about a new recognition program that would honor an Employee of the​ Month, and that employee would get to go to lunch with the boss. Lamar and his family were just making ends​ meet, and with another baby on the​ way, his salary was most important to both him and his family. He really​ couldn't care less about the lunch with the boss. Which level of needs in​ Maslow's hierarchy does this​ reflect? A. Social B. ​Self-actualization C. Physiological D. Safety E. Esteem

C. Physiological

You have one beanbag and five targets set up in front of​ you, each farther away than the last. Target A sits almost within​arm's reach. If you hit​ it, you get​ $2. Target B is a bit farther​ out, but about 80 percent of the people who try can hit it. It pays​ $4. Target C pays​ $8, and about half the people who try can hit it. Very few people can hit Target​ D, but the payoff is​ $16 for those who do.​ Finally, Target E pays​ $32, but​ it's almost impossible to achieve. Which would you try​ for? According to​ McClelland's Theory of​ Needs, if you selected​ C, you're likely to​ ________. A. have a high need for power B. have a high need for affiliation C. have a high need for achievement D. be a disenfranchised worker E. be a motivational influencer

C. have a high need for achievement

Jessica has been described as highly motivated to pursue her career goals. She gives​ 100% working harder than all her coworkers. Her efforts are laser focused on landing her next position in the organization. She is well known in the organization for her quality​ work, her​ can-do attitude, and her willingness to wholeheartedly embrace the​ organization's goals. According to​ McClelland's theory of​ needs, Jessica would best be described as having​ a(n) ________________. A. high need for affiliation​ (nAff) B. low need for affiliation​ (nAff) C. high need for achievement​ (nAch) D. low need for achievement​ (nAch) E. low need for power​ (nPow)

C. high need for achievement​ (nAch)

Which motivational theory focuses on achieving positive connections with others as well as achieving​ competence? A. ​McClelland's needs theory B. ​Goal-setting theory C. ​Self-determination theory D. ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs E. Competency based motivation

C. ​Self-determination theory

Josh, a recent graduate of State​ University, is working as a middle manager in the finance department of a pharmaceutical company. Josh makes​ $30 an hour. He often seems disinterested in his job and even has thoughts about quitting. When pressed one day about why he is​ unhappy, Josh cites his pay as the main reason.​ Specifically, he tells a coworker​ that, compared to managers at other pharmaceutical​ companies, he makes much less.​ "It isn't​ fair," he complains.​ "I work just as hard as they​ do, yet I​ don't make as much. Maybe I should go work for the​ competition." Which motivational theory best describes his​ unhappiness? A. Social learning theory B. ​McClelland's theory of needs C. ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs D. Equity theory E. ​Two-factor theory

D. Equity theory

Stephanie is taking an assessment based on​ McClelland's theory of needs. Her HR director is looking for specific results to help determine her future managerial success. What results would indicate that Stephanie might be a good fit for a managerial​ position? A. High need for affiliation and high need for achievement B. High need for affiliation and low need for power C. High need for achievement and low need for affiliation D. High need for power and low need for affiliation E. High need for justice and low need for power

D. High need for power and low need for affiliation

Several employees have been discussing the fairness of their raises this year. Abe said he got the raise he deserved. Samantha said she was on the committee that​ re-designed the process for determining raises and was given a good explanation of why she received the raise she did. Xavier said his manager was very nice while telling him about his raise. What type of organizational justice is Samantha​ addressing? A. Informational B. Interactional C. Distributive D. Procedural E. Expectancy

D. Procedural

The theories of​ Maslow, McClelland, and Herzberg all focus on​ _____________. A. setting goals B. reinforcement C. equity D. needs E. situational evaluation

D. needs

Which of the following best describes the difference between​ self-determination and​ self-efficacy? A. ​Self-determination refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a​ task; self-efficacy refers to a​person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her actions. B. ​Self-determination refers to a​ person's comparison of his or her job output with that of​ others; self-efficacy refers to how consistent a​ person's goals are with his or her values. C. ​Self-determination refers to how consistent a​ person's goals are with his or her values.​ Self-efficacy refers to a​person's comparison of his or her job output with that of others. D. ​Self-determination refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her​ actions; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a task. E. ​Self-determination refers to a​ person's comparison of his or her job output with that of​ others; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her actions.

D. ​Self-determination refers to a​ person's desire to feel that he or she has control over his or her​ actions; self-efficacy refers to a​ person's belief in his or her ability to perform a task.

Relying on an extensive amount of​ research, we can predict some relationships between achievement need and job performance. Which of the following is most closely related to managerial​ success? A. High need for affiliation and high need for power B. High need for achievement and low need for affiliation C. Low need for power and high need for affiliation D. High need for achievement and high need for affiliation E. High need for power and low need for affiliation

E. High need for power and low need for affiliation

Which of the following items is included in the motivators according to​ Herzberg? A. Salary B. Quality of supervision C. Health insurance D. Relationships with others E. Promotional opportunities

E. Promotional opportunities

When engaging in a team activity at​ work, Sean was very encouraging and cheered on the members of his division as they worked together to accomplish the team goals. According to​ McClelland's theory of​ needs, Sean is likely exhibiting​a(n) _________________. A. high need for achievement B. low need for achievement C. low need for affiliation D. low need for power E. high need for affiliation

E. high need for affiliation

Alison has compared herself on the job to Kris. Both occupy comparable positions in the organization and have been with the company for the same number of years. Alison has an MBA and Kris has a​ bachelor's degree. Alison works through lunches most days while Kris goes to lunch every day and returns late most days. Alison perceives the quality and quantity of her work to be a higher level than that of Kris. Yet Alison believes that Kris makes more money than she does. Alison thinks she is underpaid compared to Kris. According to equity​ theory, Alison's​ education, hours worked and​quality/quantity of work are considered​ _________. A. inequities B. outcomes C. expectancies D. equities E. inputs

E. inputs

Paul gets up every day excited to get into work. As an IT​ consultant, he feels that each day is a new challenge that allows him to develop creative solutions and grow both personally and professionally. He often works long hours because the job just​ doesn't seem like​ work, and he gets a tremendous sense of personal satisfaction from solving complex problems. Paul would be an example of someone who has high​ ______________. A. job enrichment B. job allocation C. job exchange D. job continuity E. job engagement

E. job engagement

John believes that complimenting employees when they perform​ well, rather than reprimanding them for poor​behaviors, is the best way to manage and draw the best work from his people. Over​ time, a problem​ employee's performance has improved with far less instances of undesirable behavior. Based on this​ description, it is safe to say that John is using​ ________. A. distributive justice B. equity theory C. ​Maslow's hierarchy of needs D. expectancy theory E. operant conditioning theory

E. operant conditioning theory