Chapter 7 Quiz

Hebb's idea of long-term potentiation, which provides a physiological mechanism for the long-term storage of memories, includes the idea of ____________.

increased firing in the neurons

The story in the text about the balloons that were used to suspend a speaker in mid-air was used to illustrate the role of ___________ in memory.

organization

Bransford and Johnson's study had participants hear a passage, which turned out to be about a man on the street serenading his girlfriend in a tall building. The wording of the passage made it difficult to understand, but looking at a picture made it easier to understand. The results of this study illustrated the importance of ___________ in forming reliable long-term memories.

organizational context

Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00-11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Alana will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances? a. State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period. b. Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. c. Alana will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect. d. Katie and Alana should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis).

b. Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect

The standard model of consolidation proposes that the hippocampus is _____________. a. strongly active for both new memories as they are being consolidated and memories for events that occurred long ago and are already consolidated. b. uninvolved in memory consolidation. c. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated. d. strongly active for long-ago memories that are already consolidated but becomes less active when memories are first formed and being consolidated.

c. strongly active when memories are first formed and being consolidated but becomes less active when retrieving older memories that are already consolidated.

Recent research on memory, based largely on fear conditioning in rats, indicates that ____________. a. fear conditioning is the most effective kind of conditioning for forming durable memories. b. memory consolidation does not occur when animals are afraid of a stimulus. c. when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed. d. memories are not susceptible to disruption once consolidation has occurred.

c. when a memory is reactivated, it becomes capable of being changed or altered, just as it was immediately after it was formed.

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

consolidation

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is ______________.

encoding

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following tasks will produce the best long-term memory for a set of words?

Making a connection between each word and something you've previously learned

Your book explains that brief episodes of retrograde amnesia (e.g., the traumatic disruption of newly formed memories when a football player takes a hit to the head and can't recall the last play before the hit) reflect _______________. a. a failure of memory consolidation. b. temporary post-traumatic stress disorder. c. Korsakoff's syndrome. d. disrupted long-term potentiation.

a. a failure of memory consolidation

Research shows that ___________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material. a. highlighting b. organization c. making up questions about the material d. feedback

a. highlighting

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

remote

___________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.

retrieval

The principle that we encode information together with its context is known as encoding ____________.

specificity

Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if ______________.

the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.