Chapter 7 Review

Long bones such as the humerus have solid external walls of ____________ bone, with ____________ bone found primarily within the epiphyses.

compact, spongy

Yellow bone marrow contains a large proportion of

fatty tissue

____________ ossification produces the flat bones of the skull, some of the facial bones, the mandible, and the central part of the clavicle.

intramembranous

Vertebrae are classified as

irregular bones

Which bone cells secrete osteoid (the initial semisolid form of bone matrix)?

osteoblasts

____________ produce new bone, while ____________ resorb bone.

osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Tiny, seed-shaped bones along the tendons of some muscles are classified as

sesamoid bones

In flat bones of the skull, a region of ____________ is sandwiched between two layers of compact bone.

spongy bone; diploe

Sensory nerves innervate which parts of a bone?

the bone matrix and marrow cavity the periosteum and endosteum

Which of the following is a thyroid gland hormone that encourages calcium deposition from blood into bone and inhibits osteoclast activity? A)calcitonin B)growth hormone C)somatomedin D)thyroid hormone

A)calcitonin

Which of the following does not accurately describe spongy bone? A)contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone B)composed of parallel lamellae with osteocytes in between C)provides great resistance to stresses applied in many directions D)forms an open meshwork of narrow plates called trabeculae

A)contains slightly larger osteons than compact bone

Which selection correctly pairs the type of cartilage with one of its locations in the body? A)hyaline cartilage, trachea B)hyaline cartilage, epiglottis C)fibrocartilage, epiphyseal plates D)elastic cartilage, menisci

A)hyaline cartilage, trachea

Which of the following are components of compact bone, but not of an osteon? A)perforating canals and circumferential lamellae B)central canal and concentric lamellae C)osteocytes, lacunae, and canaliculi D)all of the above are parts of an osteon

A)perforating canals and circumferential lamellae

Fibrocartilage is found in which of these structures? A)larynx and articular surfaces of bones B)intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis C)auricle of the ear and external auditory canal D)all of the above

B)intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis

Functions of bone include all of the following except A)storage of mineral and energy reserves B)transport of materials C)production of blood cells D)support and protection

B)transport of materials

Aging affects bone tissue in which of the following ways? A)tensile strength decreases and bones become brittle B)bones demineralize and become thinner and weaker C)both of the above D)neither of the above

C)both of the above

Bone remodeling normally involves which of the following? A)changes in bone architecture and the skeleton's total mineral deposits B)activity at both the periosteal and endosteal surfaces of a bone C)continual deposition and removal of bone tissue D)all of the above

C)continual deposition and removal of bone tissue

All of the following occur during appositional bone growth except A)osteoblasts in the periosteum lay down layers of bone matrix B)osteoclasts expand the medullary cavity by resorbing bone matrix C)growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates D)the bone widens as the number of circumferential lamellae increases

C)growth occurs primarily in the cartilage of the epiphyseal plates

Functions of cartilage include which of the following? A)supporting soft tissues B)providing a gliding surface at articulations C)providing a model for the formation of most bones D)all of the above

D)all of the above

A typical bone has which of the following major sets of blood vessels? A)epiphyseal, metaphyseal, and diaphyseal B)primary, secondary, and tertiary C)Haversian, Volkmann's, and connecting D)nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal

D)nutrient, metaphyseal, and periosteal

The endosteum A)covers all internal surfaces of a bone, such as the medullary cavity B)is active during bone growth, repair, and remodeling C)is an incomplete cellular membrane D)all of the above

D. All of the above

Hemopoiesis is the process of

blood cell production

What is broken in a Colles fracture?

distal end of radius

Interstitial growth of a bone occurs in the

epiphyseal plate

At each end of a long bone is an expanded, knobby region called the

epiphysis

Through the process of endochondral ossification, a fetal ____________ model transforms into bone.

hyaline cartilage

As with cartilage growth, a long bone's growth in length is called

interstitial growth

Stimulated by sex hormones, bone growth accelerates dramatically at the time of

puberty

A typical example of a long bone is the

tibia

Dietary factors necessary for normal bone growth include

vitamins A, C, and D