Chapter 7 (the urinary tract)

27. Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a kidney affected by ARPKD ? a. Bilateral enlarged, echogenic kidneys b . Unilateral , smooth - walled ,noncommunicating cysts of varying sizes located withing the renal fossa c . Small , echogenic kidneys d . Numerous large complex renal cysts

A

28. The systemic disorder associated with epilepsy that leads to the development of solid timors in various organs , including angiomyolipomas of the kidneys , is : a . Tuberous sclerosis b . Tuberculosis c . von Hippel - Lindau syndrome d . MCDK

A

31. Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis ? a . Ureteral stricture b . Pregnancy c . Neurogenic bladder d . Uterine leiomyoma

A

2. What is the functional unit of the kidney ? a . Nephron b . Medulla c . Cortex d . Bowman capsule

A

24. Which of the following renal findings would most likely present with a clinical finding of hematuria ? a . Hemorrhagic renal cyst b . Milk of calcium renal cyst c . Simple renal cyst d . Angiomyolipoma

A

26. Infantile polycystic kidney disease may also be referred to as : a . ARPKD b . ADPKD c . MCDK d . Acquired renal cystic disease

A

1. Which of the following is a childhood , autoimmune disease that results in the development of purple spots on the skin and possible renal failure? a . Henoch - Schonlein purpura b . Azotemia c von Hippel - Lindau syndrome d . Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis

A

18. Renal cysts that project out away from the kidney are termed : a . Exophytic b . Perapelvic c . Cortical d . Peripelvic

A

34. The most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections is : a Candida albicans b . RCC c . Renal tract obstruction d . Urolithiasis

A

10. The most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract is : a . Horseshoe kidney b . Duplicated collecting system c . Renal agenesis d . Renal hypoplasia

B

12. What is the most common location of an ectopic kidney ? a . Thoracic cavity b . Pelvis c . Contralateral fossa d . Left upper quadrant

B

15. Which of the following is the most common cause of CRF ? a. Hypertension b .Diabetes mellitus c. ARPKD (Autosomal Recessive polycystic kidney disease) d . Acute tubular necrosis

B

23. All of the following are characteristics of a complex cyst except : a. Internal echoes b . Smooth walls c . Mural nodules d . Septations

B

30. Suspicion of cortical thinning should occur when the renal cortex measures a . Greater than 2 mm b . Less than 1 cm c . Greater than 5 mm d . Less than 3 cm

B

32. Which of the following would be a common finding in a patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis? a . Hemorrhage b . Ascites c . Renal artery stenosis d . Renal vein thrombosis

B

36. Which of the following is not considered an intrinsic cause of hydronephrosis a . Ureterocele b. Urethritis c . Urolithiasis d . Ureteropelvic junction obstruction

B

38. Which of the following renal conditions is associated with the development of cysts within the pancreas and liver ? a . ARPKD b .ADPKD c . MCDK d . Acquired renal cystic disease

B

39. A stone that completely fills the renal pelvis is referred to as a : a . Calculus granulosis b . Staghorn calculus c . Twinkle stone d . Nephrocalcinotic calculus

B

4. The kidneys are : a . Intraperitoneal organs b. Retroperitoneal organs c. Both intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs d . Neither intraperitoneal nor retroperitoneal organs

B

14. Which of the following is true regarding a duplex collecting system with complete ureteral duplication ? a . The upper pole of the kidney suffers from reflux b . The lower pole suffers from obstruction be cause of a varicocele c . The upper pole suffers from obstruction because of a ureterocele . d . The lower pole suffers from deflux and hypertrophy .

C

16. What renal cystic disease would be most likely caused by , and thus associated with hemodialysis ? a . MCDK (multicystic dysplastic kidney) b . ADPKD c . Acquired renal cystic disease d . ARPKD

C

19. A female patient presents with a history of leukocytosis dysuria lower abdominal pain , and hematuria . Sonographically , the kidneys appear normal , although the bladder wall measures 6 mm in the distended state . What is the most likely diagnosis ? a . Glomerulonephritis b . Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis c . Cystitis d . TCC of the bladder

C

20. The inherited disorder associated with the development of tumors of the central nervous system and orbits , renal cysts and adrenal tumors is : a . Tuberous sclerosis b . Tuberculosis c . von Hippel - Lindau syndrome d . MCDK

C

5. The protective capsule of the kidney is referred to as : a . Glisson capsule b . Perirenal capsule c . Renal capsule d . Renal cortex

C

7. Which of the following would not be a typical clinical feature of renal transplant failure ? a . Oliguria b . Proteinuria c . Hypotension d . Elevated creatinine

C

9. A bulge on the lateral border of the kidney is referred to as : a . Duplicated kidney b . Renal hypoplasia c . Dromedary hump d . Supernumerary kidney

C

11. A renal scar most likely appears as : a . A hypoechoic mass in the renal parenchyma b . A linear anechoic space in the renal cortex c . A hyperechoic , rounded structure within the renal pyramid that shadows d . A echogenic area that extends from the renal sinus through the renal parenchyma

D

13. All of the following are clinical findings of ARF except : a . Hematuria b . Hypertension c . Oliguria d . Decreased BUN and creatinine

D

17. Sonographically , compared to normal kidneys , those affected by CRF will appear : a . Normal in size with a decreased echogenicity b . Smaller in size and hypoechoic c . Larger in size and more echogenic d . Smaller in size and more echogenic

D

21. What is the most likely location of TCC in the kidney ? a . Cortex b . Medulla c . Minor calyx d . Renal pelvis

D

22. Which of the following is the most common cause of ARF ? a . Hypertension b . Diabetes mellitus c . ARPKD d . Acute tubular necrosis

D

29. What is the most common clinical finding of a simple renal cyst ? a . Hematuria b . Quadrant pain c . Elevated BUN d . Asymptomatic

D

35. Clinical findings of glomerulonephritis include all of the following except : a . Proteinuria b . Throat infection c . Azotemia d . Hypercalcemia

D

37. Clinical findings of nephrocalcinosis include all of the following except : a . Urinary tract infections b . Urinary calculi c . Hyperparathyroidism d . Weight loss

D

40. What is the most common location for a urolithiasis to become lodged ? a . Ureteropelvic junction b . Midureter c . Urethra d. Ureterovesicular junction

D

6. The vessel located anterior to the abdominal aorta and posterior to the superior mesenteric artery is the : a . Celiac artery b . Left renal artery c . Right renal vein d . Left renal vein

D

8. Enlargement of the unaffected contralateral kidney with unilateral renal agenesis or compromised renal function is referred to as : a . Dromedary hypertrophy b . Renal hypoplasia c . Supernumerary kidney d . Compensatory hypertrophy

D

25. Which of the following would be considered the most common solid renal mass ? a . Renal hematoma b . Angiomyolipoma c . Oncocytoma d . Hypernephroma

B

3. Which of the following would be most indicative of renal artery stenosis ? a . Decreased cortical echogenicity b. A renal to aorta ratio that is greater than 3.5 c . Enlarged kidney d . Tardus - parvus waveform upstream to the stenosis

B

33. The presence of purulent material within the renal collecting system is termed : a . Pylotosis b . Pyelonephritis c . Pyonephrosis d . Emphysematous pyelonephritis

C