Chapter 7 - Weight Management

Which drug is FDA approved for weight loss?

Alli

Hormone released to store glucose after a meal, and tells your body you are full

Insulin

Hormone released after a meal in response to fat in blood, which inhibits hunger

Leptin

After an initial period of rapid weight loss, weight loss slows down because ____.

a. metabolism slows down in response to the decreased caloric intake

Which patient would you recommend take medication to help deal with their obesity issues?

an adult female with a BMI of 30 who has been unable to lose weight with diet and exercise

Two causes of obesity in humans are:

genetics and physical inactivity

For a patient that is underweight, what is a reasonable amount of weight that should be gained in a month?

1 pound

What is the minimum amount of physical activity required weekly for significant weight loss?

4-5 hours

A nutritionally sound weight-loss diet might restrict daily energy intake to create a:

500-kcalorie-per-day deficit.

For clinically severe obesity, which is the most effective treatment?

surgery

If a patient needs to gain weight, which strategy would you suggest?

Consider weight lifting instead of running.

Hormone secreted in response to low calorie intake, which increases hunger and lowers metabolism

Ghrelin

Which mechanism does Xenical, an FDA-approved drug for weight loss, utilize to decrease weight in patients?

It inhibits pancreatic lipase activity in the GI tract to block digestion of fats.

Which mechanism does Belviq, an FDA-approved drug for weight loss, utilize to decrease weight in patients?

It interacts with brain serotonin receptors to increase satiety.

Which of these behaviors will best support successful weight management?

Learn appropriate portion sizes

In addition to decreasing food intake by decreasing stomach volume, gastric bypass also directly aids in weight loss by _____.

altering gastrointestinal hormones

Whether a person should lose weight depends on all but which factor?

gender

Which hormone stimulates appetite and food intake?

ghrelin

Which diet claim for a diet or supplement is the least likely to be a scam?

b. "This pill can help you lose weight over time, but may cause diarrhea or nausea."

What is the best way to increase metabolism to help with long-term weight management?

build muscle through resistance training exercise

What would be considered the most concerning thing about taking dietary supplements that are sold over the counter?

The pills may make your patient sick.

What is the most likely reason that so many of the fad diets introduced to the public are ineffective and often dangerous?

These diets are often based on unsubstantiated scientific evidence, so when they are implemented, they are unable to deliver the results promised.

The physiological need to eat is referred to as _____, while _____ is the psychological desire to eat.

hunger; appetite

Which part of the body regulates hunger and appetite?

hypothalamus

Which of the following statements is true?

With weight loss, the size of the fat cells shrinks, but the number of fat cells remains the same.

Fad diets that promote low protein consumption are difficult to follow and achieve results, because when protein levels become too low, _____.

a person may not feel satiated

The quickest, most effective way to lose weight is:

calorie restriction

Most Fad diets result in weight loss because:

calories are restricted

Even without weight loss, physical activity in obese patients can ____.

improve insulin resistance

Which of the following is NOT an obesogenic environment factor?

increased physical activity

What is the best way to achieve a negative energy balance?

increasing physical activity to increase energy expenditure

What are the hallmarks of a sensible diet?

involve lifestyle changes, including physical activity

If food energy is restricted too severely, where does the body acquire the energy required for basal metabolic functions?

lean tissue

The obesity gene codes for _____.

leptin

The protein produced by the fat cells under the direction of the ob gene is called:

leptin

Which enzyme hydrolyzes triglycerides in the blood into fatty acids and glycerol for absorption into the cells?

lipoprotein lipase (LPL)

Physical activity does not help a person to:

lose fat in trouble spots.

Which FDA-approved drug for weight loss works by inhibiting digestion and absorption of dietary fat?

orlistat

Which factor is NOT part of an obesogenic environment?

physical activity

The obesity theory that suggests the body chooses to be at a specific weight is the:

set-point theory

The biggest problem associated with the use of prescription drugs in the treatment of obesity is:

the necessity for long-term use

All of the following describe the behavior of fat cells except:

the number decreases when fat is lost from the body.

What is the best approach to weight loss?

Reduce daily energy intake and increase energy expenditure

Which strategy would not help an underweight person to gain weight?

Drink plenty of water

Enzyme that promotes very efficient fat storage in the body, which tends to be high in obese people

LPL

What would you expect to happen if you mutated the ghrelin receptors in a mouse such that the mouse could produce ghrelin but would not respond to the hormone?

The mouse would have a suppressed appetite and be underweight.

How do some natural remedies cause toxicity?

They are not subject to regulation, and can therefore contain unknown toxins.

How do microbiota influence body weight?

by generating compounds that alter the body's use of energy

How do diets that are higher in protein help with weight loss?

by helping a dieter adhere to a reduced calorie diet over time

How do most fad diets work?

by limiting caloric intake

A major challenge of developing an effective drug for obesity is to _____.

decrease risks associated with long-term use

People with high lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity are more likely to be_______________.

obese