Chapter 8
Demi is a 10-year-old with a mental age of 12. Demi's intelligence quotient (IQ) is a) 100. b) 120. c) 110. d) 83.
120
Which of the following is true about representations? a) A mental map is a combination of analogical and symbolic representations. b) A mental map is a combination of neural and symbolic representations. c) An analogical representation is a combination of symbolic and mental map representations. d) A symbolic representation is a combination of analogical and mental map representations.
A mental map is a combination of analogical and symbolic representations
Beth takes a test that she believes is one that men typically score higher on than women. Marta takes the same test, but she does not hold such a belief. All else being equal, which of the following outcomes is most likely? a) Beth will score higher than Marta because she will be motivated to do better than men. b) Marta will score lower than Beth because she will be less motivated than Beth. c) Beth will score lower than Marta because of stereotype threat. d) Marta will score lower than Beth because of stereotype threat.
Beth will score lower than Marta because of stereotype threat.
Dr. Fischer is teaching her students about various theories of intelligence. "This theory, called general intelligence, suggests that there is one general factor that underlies all intelligence," she says. "It was proposed by __________." a) David Wechsler b) Alfred Binet c) Charles Spearman d) Robert Sternberg
Charles Spearman
Which of the following best describes the relationship between general intelligence and working memory? a) General intelligence is strongly correlated with simple tests of memory. b) General intelligence is strongly correlated with memory tests that have two components. c) General intelligence is strongly correlated with both simple and two-component memory tests. d) General intelligence is not correlated with either simple or two-component memory tests.
General intelligence is strongly correlated with memory tests that have two components.
Instead of worrying about how to find his future dream job, Dan breaks a big problem down into smaller manageable parts by doing which of the following? a) He forms subgoals: visiting the career center, researching occupational salaries, and talking to people in professions he's considering. b) He creates analogies: a friend found a job through networking at an alumni event and another found a job through an online recruiter, so Dan tries these methods. c) He works backward: looking at the salary he wants, finding occupations that pay that amount, then considering whether they interest him. d) He changes the representation of the problem using insight: he stops thinking about finding his dream job and one day suddenly realizes that he really wants to teach elementary school.
He forms subgoals: visiting the career center, researching occupational salaries, and talking to people in professions he's considering.
Peter is a four-year-old who can already read and has the vocabulary of a 10-year-old. His parents also love to read, so his house is filled with books. What is the most reasonable conclusion about the source of Peter's high intelligence? a) He inherited genes for high intelligence from his parents. b) His parents provided the stimulating environment needed to develop his intelligence. c) His intelligence resulted from an interaction of both genes and environment. d) Neither genes nor the environment is the cause of his high intelligence.
His intelligence resulted from an interaction of both genes and environment.
Dr. Earl is a cognitive psychologist who studies thinking. Which question is most relevant to Dr. Earl's research? a) How do we cope with tragic events? b) How does a person's culture influence his or her career choice? c) How do we mentally rotate objects to "see" them from many angles? d) How does the behavior of a group affect one person?
How do we mentally rotate objects to "see" them from many angles?
Which finding is the best evidence that genetics plays an important role in determining intelligence? a) Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together. b) Adopted children have IQs that are similar to their nonbiological siblings. c) Siblings raised together have more similar IQs than siblings raised apart. d) Identical twins raised together have more similar IQs than identical twins raised apart.
Identical twins raised apart have more similar IQs than siblings raised together.
Both nature and nurture can influence intelligence. Which of the following ideas has NOT been supported by intelligence research? a) Certain prenatal factors can lead to lower intelligence. b) Certain postnatal factors can lead to lower intelligence. c) Intelligence can be linked to a single "intelligence gene." d) An enriched environment can positively influence intelligence.
Intelligence can be linked to a single "intelligence gene."
Which of the following is one way in which stereotype threat interferes with performance? a) It primes the stereotype that causes stereotype-consistent behavior. b) It increases the illusion of control over performance. c) It undermines confidence and motivation. d) It exhausts the individual before the performance is completed.
It undermines confidence and motivation.
In the past, orchestra conductors held the stereotype that women were inferior musicians. According to your textbook, how did the audition process change so that conductors would not be biased by this stereotype? a) Musicians sent in tapes of their performances, rather than auditioning in person. b) Musicians auditioned in front of the conductor but the conductor did not know the musicians' names. c) Musicians auditioned behind screens but the conductors knew the musicians' names. d) Musicians auditioned behind screens and the conductor did not know the musicians' names.
Musicians auditioned behind screens and the conductor did not know the musicians' names.
To buy cheese, Kumiko goes to a large store with a big selection of cheeses. Nima goes to a much smaller store with only a few choices of cheeses. Who is more likely to buy cheese, and why? a) Kumiko, because his store has more choices b) Nima, because his store has fewer choices c) Kumiko, because he will be able to decide which is the perfect cheese for him d) Nima, because he only has a few minutes to make his decision
Nima, because his store has fewer choices
Shawna needs to decide whether or not to breast-feed her baby. In light of the known relation between breast-feeding and cognitive development, what would you advise her to do? a) Since breast-feeding is associated with enhanced IQ scores, Shawna should strongly consider breast-feeding her baby. b) Since breast-feeding is not directly associated with enhanced cognitive development, Shawna could either breast-feed her baby or use formula. c) Shawna should breast-feed her baby regardless of its relation to cognitive development. d) Shawna should use the feeding method that best supports her
Since breast-feeding is associated with enhanced IQ scores, Shawna should strongly consider breast-feeding her baby.
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of using a stereotype? a) Stereotypes reinforce beliefs about members of a particular group. b) Stereotypes allow for quick and efficient processing of related concepts. c) Stereotypes can influence your behavior when you interact with group members. d) Stereotypes improve decision making when you are unable to think systematically.
Stereotypes improve decision making when you are unable to think systematically.
Which of the following is an example of decision making that could happen in your life? a) You compare the ski resort and beach resort and choose the ski resort for your upcoming vacation. b) You figure out how to stop the leak from your water bottle. c) You decide that you can pay for your vacation if you increase your babysitting rates. d) You evaluate a newspaper article stating that caffeine increases heart attacks.
You compare the ski resort and beach resort and choose the ski resort for your upcoming vacation.
The type of thinking that uses shortcuts to allow one to make a decision quickly, without considering all of the evidence, is called a) a heuristic. b) insight. c) an algorithm. d) framing.
a heuristic
Cara is a mechanic. She fixes three cars that will not start by replacing their batteries. When a fourth car is brought in and will not start, she assumes the problem is the battery. Cara's assumption is based on a) functional fixedness. b) restructuring. c) a mental set. d) an analogy.
a mental set
The SAT is a psychometric test, which means that it is a) an intelligence test that gives an IQ score based on a person's performance. b) an achievement test that reveals what knowledge and skills a person has. c) definitely valid but may not be reliable. d) a standardized test that is administered the same way for all students and scored objectively.
a standardized test that is administered the same way for all students and scored objectively.
Stella takes an Advanced Placement English Literature test, which is designed to assess what knowledge and skills she has learned in that subject. Stella is taking a(n) ________ test. a) content b) performance c) aptitude d) achievement
acheivement
A psychometric test that is designed to test a person's knowledge and skills.
achievement test
James is trying to break into a safe, but he does not know the four-digit code. To find the right code, he uses a procedure that will obtain the right result if he uses it correctly. Specifically, he tries every possible set of four-digit numbers until he finds the correct one. James is using a(n) ________ to find the correct code. a) analogy b) mental set c) heuristic d) algorithm
algorithm
When you use a city map to find your way to a restaurant, it has some physical characteristics of the actual objects—streets and their locations. Because of this, the map is a(n) ________ representation. a) analogical b) symbolic c) exemplar d) prototype
analogical
Mental representations that have some of the physical characteristics of objects.
analogical representations
A picture of a computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. The word computer is an example of a(n) ________ representation. a) mental map; conceptual b) conceptual; mental map c) analogical; symbolic d) symbolic; analogical
analogical; symbolic
According to Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, Vicky, who is an accomplished theoretical physicist, would likely score high in __________ intelligence; whereas Doug, a successful politician, would probably score high in __________ intelligence. a) practical; analytical b) practical; emotional c) analytical; practical d) analytical; interpersonal
analytical; practical
The Law School Admissions Test (LSAT) measures logical thinking ability and predicts students' success in law school. Based on this you know that the LSAT is a(n) ________ test. a) aptitude b) general intelligence c) achievement d) standardized
aptitude
A psychometric test that is designed to test a person's ability to learn -- that is, the person's future performance.
aptitude test
Maquinna takes the SAT, a test designed to assess his potential to do well in college. Sayen takes an Advanced Placement English literature test, which is designed to assess how much she has learned in that subject. Maquinna is taking an __________ test, while Sayen is taking an __________ test. a) aptitude; achievement b) achievement; intelligence c) aptitude; intelligence d) achievement; aptitude
aptitude; achievement
Mary does well in both math and science. According to general intelligence theory, Mary's performance in literature and history should be ________ how she does in math and science. a) worse than b) completely unrelated to c) as good as d) much better than
as good as
When she first walks into her English class, Rosetta sees an extremely handsome man sitting in the front row. Instead of sitting next to him and starting a conversation, she sits far away and thinks, "He's probably very stuck up. All handsome guys are always snobs." It is clear from this statement generalizing all handsome men that Rosetta's thinking reflects a) the use of the prototype model. b) belief in a negative stereotype. c) the use of the exemplar model. d) belief in a positive stereotype.
belief in a negative stereotype
According to the paradox of choice, having some choice is good, and having even more choice a) makes people feel more satisfied with their decisions. b) forces people to use an algorithm to make decisions. c) can be frustrating and impair thinking. d) allows us to have insight about what we really want.
can be frustrating and impair thinking.
When people group several concepts together, such as baseball, basketball, and football, based on the shared property of being so-called ball sports, they are creating a ________ of the concepts. a) prototype b) category c) exemplar d) mental map
category
Chris is describing what lasagna is to a friend who has never eaten it before. He tells his friend, "Lasagna usually has layers of noodles with cheese and sauce in between each layer." In this situation, Chris is describing his ________ of lasagna. a) mental map b) category c) analogical representation d) concept
concept
When Mary thinks about a guitar, she uses a mental representation of specific knowledge about that object. Mary is thinking about a a) mental map. b) schema. c) stereotype. d) concept.
concept
Intelligence that reflects both knowledge gained through experience and the ability to use that knowledge.
crystallized intelligence
Attempting to select the best alternative among several options.
decision making
Ernest and William go to a local restaurant for lunch. They are both having difficulty choosing from the delicious menu options. Eventually Ernest selects a meal by eliminating all the ones he does not want. This process of selecting the best option from many choices is called a) framing. b) reasoning. c) problem solving. d) decision making.
decision making
Alina often has trouble understanding her own feelings and has difficulty recognizing when her friends are expressing their feelings. Alina probably has low ________ intelligence. a) fluid b) practical c) emotional d) kinesthetic
emotional
Dr. Green is a respected therapist. His clients appreciate his ability to recognize and understand their feelings during difficult situations, even when they themselves do not understand their own feelings. Based on this, Dr. Green appears to have very high ________ intelligence. a) linguistic b) emotional c) practical d) general
emotional
Dr. Shah is interested in how concepts are represented in people's minds. She believes that a category includes all of the examples of the concepts in that category. Dr. Shah most likely follows the ________ model of categorizing concepts. a) analogical representation b) prototype c) exemplar d) symbolic representation
exemplar
Juan believes that a robin is a good example of a bird. Sergei believes that a penguin is a good example of a bird. Juan and Sergei are both correct according to the ________ model of organizing concepts. a) schema b) stereotype c) exemplar d) prototype
exemplar
A way of thinking about concepts: All concepts in a category are examples (exemplars); together, they form the category.
exemplar model
Which of the following best describes problem solving? a) finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal b) selecting the best option among a set of alternatives c) reasoning from general information to specific information d) using information to determine if a conclusion is valid or reasonable
finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal
Cory performs well at the word game Scrabble because he is good at solving problems and rearranging letters quickly to form many words. These skills reveal his ________ intelligence. a) fluid b) spatial c) practical d) interpersonal
fluid
Intelligence that reflects the ability to process information, particularly in novel or complex circumstances.
fluid intelligence
Gillian bought one set of tools because that brand offered a $10 rebate. The tool company influenced her decision by presenting the information about the rebates. This is a strategy known as a) restructuring. b) framing. c) the availability heuristic. d) the representativeness heuristic.
framing
How information is presented affects how that information is perceived and influences decisions.
framing
A tendency to think of things based on their usual functions, which may make it harder to solve a problem.
functional fixedness
Which barrier to problem solving are you overcoming when you use a paper clip as a temporary replacement for the screw that fell out of your glasses? a) irrelevant information b) restructuring the representation c) mental set d) functional fixedness
functional fixedness
You are studying for your exam when the electricity goes out. In order to have enough light to read your textbook, you put your cell phone in front of the page and use the light from the screen to read the book. You are able to successfully study for your exam because you avoid a) restructuring the problem. b) functional fixedness. c) working backward. d) using analogies.
functional fixedness
The theory that one common factor underlies intelligence. This one factor will correspond to intelligences in activities like math, writing, problem solving, and drawing abilities.
general intelligence
A shortcut (rule of thumb or informal guideline) used to reduce the amount of thinking that is needed to make decisions.
heuristics
According to your textbook, if you can make decisions, solve problems, learn quickly, and adapt to changes in the environment, you probably have a a) low level of intelligence. b) high level of intelligence. c) high level of insight. d) low level of insight.
high level of intelligence
Every morning, Jeannine's bathroom scale tells her that she weighs 120 pounds. However, when she go to the doctor's office, the very accurate professional scale says she weighs 130 pounds. If we know that the doctor's scale is accurate, we can then conclude that Jeannine's bathroom scale has ________ reliability and ________ validity. a) high; low b) low; low c) high; high d) low; high
high; low
Your friend says the new restaurant in town has the best hamburgers. To see whether she is correct, you read a variety of online restaurant reviews. You are using ________ reasoning to determine whether this conclusion is valid. a) formal b) informal c) heuristic d) algorithmic
informal
After struggling to solve a physics problem, you take a break for lunch. When you go back to work on the problem, the solution suddenly pops into your head. In this case you used ________ to solve the problem. a) an analogy b) restructuring c) insight d) a mental set
insight
The ability to use knowledge to reason, make decisions, make sense of events, solve problems, understand complex ideas, learn quickly, and adapt to environmental challenges.
intelligence
A mathematical measure of intelligence (originally computed by dividing a child's estimated mental age by the child's chronological age, then multiplying this number by 100).
intelligence quotient
Joe has an incredible ability to memorize whatever he reads in a book, and he can recite all the cities in the United States alphabetically. However, he has difficulty doing simple tasks like taking the bus. Joe most likely a) performs well on choice reaction-time tests. b) has a high IQ. c) is a savant. d) performs well on simple reaction-time tests.
is a savant
Using an analogy to help solve a problem is most likely to occur when the problem a) is very specific and well-defined. b) has many subgoals. c) is similar to another problem. d) cannot be solved by working backward.
is similar to another problem.
According to the theory of multiple intelligences, the famous authors Mark Twain and Dr. Seuss most likely possessed high ________ intelligence. a) musical b) spatial c) intrapersonal d) linguistic
linguistic
Seven-year-old Tarun is baking cookies for the first time. He does not know what a tablespoon is, so every time the recipe says to use a tablespoon, he uses a teaspoon instead. Tarun's system of measurement has ________ validity and ________ reliability. a) low; low b) high; low c) high; high d) low; high
low; high
An assessment of a child's intellectual standing compared with that of same-age peers; determined by comparing the child's test score with the average score for children of each chronological age.
mental age
A tendency to approach a problem in the same way that has worked in the past, which may make it harder to solve a problem.
mental sets
Before taking her calculus final, Heather reads a story about how men and women have equal abilities in math. As a result, Heather is ________ likely to do well on her exam because of ________. a) more; positive role models b) more; reduced stereotype threat c) less; positive role models d) less; reduced stereotype threat
more; reduced stereotype threat
A man is skiing skillfully down a mountain. This man would most likely score high on bodily kinesthetic intelligence, according to the ________ theory. a) general intelligence b) triarchic c) emotional intelligence d) multiple intelligences
multiple intelligences
The idea that people have many different types of intelligence that are independent of one another. This includes spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, mathematical/logical, musical, linguistic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal skills.
multiple intelligences
The main concept of general intelligence theory is that a) one factor underlies intelligence. b) there are three different types of intelligence. c) there are two types of intelligence. d) intelligence is too general to measure accurately.
one factor underlies intelligence.
While moving into a new apartment, Cole needed to hold the door open but he did not have a doorstop. Instead, he used his heavy potted plant to prop open the door. Cole solved this problem by a) overcoming functional fixedness. b) framing. c) restructuring. d) using a mental set.
overcoming functional fixedness
Jane is taking the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scales (WAIS). Afterward, Jane says that she liked creating stories from different pictures and re-creating patterns with blocks. It appears that Jane enjoyed the ________ scales of the test. a) performance b) verbal c) fluid d) crystallized
performance
According to research cited in your textbook, if you have a higher level of general intelligence, you are also likely to have better a) parenting skills. b) interpersonal relationships. c) physical health. d) emotional regulation.
physical health
If you want to reduce the likelihood of stereotype threat during an exam, which of the following should you do? a) present the exam as nonevaluative b) make sure that the test-takers are unaware of negative consequences of stereotype threat c) make sure the test-takers are aware of how important the test is d) present the exam as evaluative
present the exam as nonevaluative
Finding a way around an obstacle to reach a goal.
problem solving
Lauren is baking a cake but realizes that she is missing ingredients. She has to make the cake, so she finds a new recipe that will work with the ingredients she has. Lauren is engaging in a) informal reasoning. b) framing. c) problem solving. d) formal reasoning.
problem solving
Your rent is due, but you are short $100. You find a way around this obstacle to meet the goal of paying the rent by offering to clean your friend's house for $100. You now have enough money to pay your rent. To reach your goal, you have just used the thinking strategy of a) reasoning. b) decision making. c) problem solving. d) framing.
problem solving
Dr. Brown conducts research on how concepts are represented in people's minds. He believes that each category has one perfect representation of a concept. Based on this, Dr. Brown most likely follows the ________ model of organizing concepts. a) prototype b) exemplar c) concept d) schema
prototype
Luke grew up by the beach and only wears sandals. Because of this, it is likely that Luke considers sandals to be the most typical type of shoe. For Luke, sandals would most likely be the ________ of the category "shoes." a) stereotype b) heuristic c) exemplar d) prototype
prototype
A way of thinking about concepts: Within each category, there is a best example -- a prototype -- for that category.
prototype model
Bob believes that the Seahawks will win the Super Bowl this year. To see whether you agree with Bob, you read a variety of online reviews about the Seahawks and their opponents and compare the statistics for each team. To determine whether Bob's conclusion is reasonable, you are engaging in a) reasoning. b) problem solving. c) decision making. d) heuristics.
reasoning
Using information to determine if a conclusion is valid.
reasoning
How consistently a psychometric test produces similar results each time it is used.
reliability
Using heuristics in decision making has the advantage of ________ and the disadvantage of ________. a) requiring minimal thinking; not always working b) not always working; requiring minimal thinking c) always working; requiring effortful thinking d) requiring effortful thinking; always working
requiring minimal thinking; not always working
Thinking about a problem in a new way in order to solve it.
restructuring
You need to hire a new accountant for your company. However, you believe that men typically make better accountants than women do. If you want to avoid using this stereotype in your hiring decision, what would be a strategy you could use? a) review the applications with the applicants' names removed b) conduct the interviews over the phone instead of in person c) conduct the interviews in person instead of over the phone d) require applicants to submit photos of themselves with the application
review the applications with the applicants' names removed
Mental structures -- collections of ideas, prior knowledge, and experiences -- that help organize information and guide thought and behavior.
schemas
Kelly, a 30-year-old, took a modern IQ test and got an IQ score of 90. Based on this information, we can assume that Kelly a) has a mental age of 30. b) scored slightly below average on the test. c) scored slightly above average on the test. d) can be classified as gifted.
scored slightly below average on the test.
When John uses his knowledge to reason, make decisions, and adapt to environmental challenges, he is a) showing intelligence. b) avoiding a mental set. c) showing insight. d) avoiding functional fixedness.
showing intelligence
Because she heard that her blind date was an accounting major, Cynthia imagined that he would be conservative, humorless, and dull. Cynthia's generalization of what an accounting student is like is an example of a(n) a) exemplar. b) stereotype. c) mental map. d) analogical representation.
stereotype
Jethro believes that all elderly people have difficulty hearing and understanding. Whenever he interacts with an elderly person, Jethro automatically speaks loudly and slowly. Jethro is applying his ________ of the elderly in these interactions. a) algorithm b) prototype c) stereotype d) exemplar
stereotype
Apprehension about confirming negative stereotypes related to a person's own group.
stereotype threat
Schemas that allow for easy, fast processing of information about people, events, or objects, based on their membership in particular groups.
stereotypes
Fred wants to be a lawyer. To achieve this goal, Fred realizes he will have to graduate from law school. He also knows that to go to law school, he will have to graduate from college. So, he decides that his first step toward his goal of being a lawyer is to apply to college. To solve his problem, Fred is using a) an analogy. b) working backward. c) insight. d) subgoals.
subgoals
Abstract mental representations that consist of words or ideas.
symbolic representations
When you read the word cake on a menu, it is a(n) ________ representation. The picture of a cake on a menu is a(n) ________ representation. a) analogical; symbolic b) symbolic; analogical c) symbolic; conceptual d) conceptual; symbolic
symbolic; analogical
What might be one way you could use formal reasoning to help improve your life? a) determine whether chocolate is healthy by using your own knowledge and other people's opinions b) test whether walking improves moods by collecting empirical evidence to evaluate your hypothesis c) evaluate whether the current president improves helping behavior by collecting social media opinions d) examine whether heat increases aggression by remembering your own personal experiences
test whether walking improves moods by collecting empirical evidence to evaluate your hypothesis
Last week, Alana saw a television show about a rare, but fatal, virus. Now, she has a runny nose and a fever and thinks she has contracted the virus. Alana's thinking is most likely based on a) the representativeness heuristic. b) using framing. c) the availability heuristic. d) an algorithm.
the availability heuristic
Some mental shortcuts can cause errors in thinking. For example, simply because you can remember an example of something very quickly and easily does not mean that you should rely on that information in making accurate probability judgments. This error in thinking reflects a) an analogy. b) insight. c) the availability heuristic. d) the representativeness heuristic.
the availability heuristic
You are placing a bet on an upcoming basketball game. You quickly remember that the green team has won the last three home games. If you use that information to make your decision, you will be using a) framing. b) insight. c) the representativeness heuristic. d) the availability heuristic.
the availability heuristic.
A prototype includes ________ in a category. An exemplar includes ________ in the category. a) the most typical concept; all examples of concepts b) the least typical concept; the most typical concept c) only stereotypical concepts; the least typical concept d) all examples of concepts; only stereotypical concepts
the most typical concept; all examples of concepts
You read a description about a woman named Tyra, who happens to be extremely beautiful and almost six feet tall. You are asked to predict whether Tyra is a model or a science teacher. To do this, you think of your prototypes of a model and a science teacher, and you decide that Tyra is a model. Your reasoning may be faulty due to a) an algorithm. b) framing. c) the availability heuristic. d) the representativeness heuristic.
the representativeness heuristic.
Bridget just took an intelligence test. The results show that Bridget has very high musical intelligence. The test Bridget took was probably based on the a) triarchic theory. b) theory of emotional intelligences. c) theory of general intelligence. d) theory of multiple intelligences.
theory of multiple intelligences
The mental manipulation of representations of information we encounter in our environments.
thinking
Regina is mentally manipulating information about how her boyfriend's new jeans fit him. When Regina does this she is a) experiencing insight about whether he is attractive. b) using an algorithm to decide whether the jeans fit. c) developing a mental map of her boyfriend. d) thinking about how he looks in the jeans.
thinking about how he looks in the jeans.
Although many successful musicians may not have "book smarts," they certainly have the "street smarts" needed to succeed in the music industry. The theory of intelligence that best accounts for this observation about "book smarts" and "street smarts" in musicians is the ________ theory. a) triarchic b) general intelligence c) emotional intelligence d) crystallized intelligence
triarchic
The idea that people have three types of intelligence: analytical, creative, and practical.
triarchic theory
Terry is making a multilayer wedding cake. While trying to make sure it does not collapse, he remembers a bridge he saw that had an interesting support system. He applies that support system to the cake structure to make sure it does not collapse. Terry ________ to solve his problem. a) worked backward b) used an analogy c) used insight d) created subgoals
used an analogy
Marco wants to get an A on his exam. To do this, he divides up the material into small sections and focuses on learning a different section every day until he knows all of the material for the exam. Marco is ________ to achieve his goal of getting an A on his exam. a) using subgoals b) working backward c) creating an analogy d) using insight
using subgoals
How well a psychometric test measures what it is intended to measure.
validity
Typically, scores on intelligence tests are closely related to ________ memory. a) sensory b) semantic c) working d) episodic
working
You get to your car and realize you have lost your keys. So you think of the last time you saw your keys and retrace your steps from that point. You are using the problem-solving technique of ________ to help find your keys. a) subgoals b) working backward c) analogy d) sudden insight
working backward
