Chapter 8

Citing the views of experts can make a speech

more persuasive.

Which of the following should you do to make sure your statistics are representative?

-Different groups of a population sample must be in correct proportion. -The sample size must be large enough.

Which of the following questions should be on a checklist about using examples in a speech?

-Do I use examples to personalize my ideas? -Do I use examples to explain my ideas?

A strong example in a speech achieves which of the following?

-Makes the speech topic more personal and relevant to the audience -Creates a visual image for the audience -Provides vivid details

Examples used in speeches are used for which of the following purposes?

-Personalize an idea -Reinforce an idea -Clarify an idea

Examples that make the most impact on an audience are usually which of the following?

-specific -vivid -richly textured

Speeches without examples generally come off as which of the following?

-vague -impersonal

What is the mean of the group of numbers: 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12, 27?

11

Which of the following questions may be on a list about effectively using statistics in a speech?

Are my numbers from reliable sources? Do I relate the statistics to the audience? Do I use statistics to quantify ideas?

Which of the following questions should be asked when evaluating the validity of statistics?

Are the statistics from a large enough sample? Are the statistics representative? Are the statistics from a reliable source? Are statistical measures used correctly?

Which of the following might be found on a list about how to best use testimony in a speech?

Do I identify the sources of all testimony? Do I give credit to the original source of all quotes? Do I use testimony from unbiased sources?

Which of the following terms is used to describe quotations or paraphrases from an authority in a given field?

Expert testimony

Phaedra is giving a speech about chronic illnesses among children. At one point she mentions that more than half of American children are living with a diagnosed chronic illness. Because this is a startling statistic, what should Phaedra have done during her speech?

Given the source of the statistic

Harry is giving a speech in class on endangered species. He has conducted a significant amount of research and includes some of the data he found in his speech. How else could Harry lend credibility to the information he is reporting?

Include quotations from experts on endangered species

Which of the following statements about expert testimony are true?

It lends credibility to your speeches. It is especially important to use when your speech is on a controversial topic.

Using quotes accurately involves which of the following?

Making sure you do not quote out of context Making sure you do not skew the meaning of paraphrased statements Making sure you do not misquote anyone

What is one way to lend credibility to a speech?

Mentioning the sources of statistics

Polly is giving a speech about the world economy. She offers interesting statistics about the gross domestic product of several countries, all of which are in the billions of dollars. How could Polly have improved her speech?

She could have translated the large numbers into terms listeners can relate to

Tansie was preparing a speech about the value of final exams for high school seniors. To gather some statistics, she asked 10 of her girlfriends in the junior class for their opinion. Six were against final exams, and four supported them. Why are Tansie's statistics not usable?

She only asked 10 people, which is not a large enough sample. She only spoke with girls, which is not representative of the student body. She only spoke with juniors, which is not representative of the student body.

Speakers have a(n) ______ responsibility to use testimonies accurately and effectively.

ethical

When using statistics in a speech, a speaker should ensure which of the following?

That the statistics are representative of what they claim to measure

You are trying to explain to your 12-year-old niece what a Bundt cake is. Which of the following explanations would be the best way to clarify by using an example?

The chocolate cake we had for your brother's 10th birthday party was a Bundt cake.

Josh was preparing a speech about home real estate and wanted to give an idea how home prices had fallen in all seven recognized neighborhoods in his city. He found that the rounded percentage decreases were 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 7, and 19. Why would using the mean, or average, decrease be misleading?

The last value would skew the result.

Clive says in his speech, "According to Suzanne Smofield, 93 percent of chemo patients who ingested some form of medical marijuana found relief from nausea." What should have been included in his oral citation?

The source of the information (book, magazine, newspaper, etc.) The date the information was published

Although you do not need to recite all of the information in your Works Cited list about your source, which of the following should you typically include in your oral citations?

The type of document, the author, the date published, and the author's qualifications

Which of the following statements about using statistics in a speech are true?

They can be used to show the seriousness of an issue. They can be an effective way to clarify and support ideas.

In your speech, you discuss the health problems of obese children. Which of the following sources would be the most credible and reliable source of testimony?

U.S. Centers for Disease Control

Which of the following are guidelines for the effective use of statistics?

Use statistics sparingly. Explain any statistics that are used. Use visual aids to clarify statistical trends.

Patty is preparing a speech on tourism in island countries in the Caribbean. She suspects there might be a relationship between visitor totals to particular island countries and outbreaks of disease. Keeping in mind the importance of obtaining statistics from a reliable source, from which of the following should Patty first seek the data on disease rates for specific Caribbean island countries?

World Health Organization

It can be especially helpful to use statistics in a speech when you are attempting to convince your audience of the existence of

a problem.

Because numbers can be interpreted in many ways, what should a speaker avoid when including numbers in a speech?

biased sources

In a speech about childhood obesity, Terence told the story of the real-life case of a young girl who spent her time watching television and eating junk food. He went into detail about how the young girl ended up in this situation. This type of supporting material is defined as

extended example

True or false: Examples in a speech help explain how many people are affected by the issue being discussed.

false

True or false: Listeners do not generally care whether or not a speaker provides the source of his or her statistics.

false

Research has shown that the impact of examples is (increased/decreased) when they are combined with statistics that show the examples to be typical.

increased

When choosing statistics to include in a speech, use

only the most important ones

When should you use statistics in a speech?

only when needed

If you quoted your sister about her experience at summer camp, you are using what type of testimony?

peer testimony

A speaker can give his or her ideas greater impact by ______ the opinions of people who have special experience or knowledge about the topic being discussed.

quoting paraphrasing

When citing sources in your speech, you do not need to include all of the information that you would use in a written bibliography. What you include depends on

the claim you are making. your topic. the kind of supporting material you are using. your audience.

What is one of the best ways for a speaker to explain a technical process or term to an audience?

use an example

Among the tips for using statistics are to

use numbers sparingly. round off numbers. name the source of statistics.

When using costs or other monetary measures from different years as a statistic in a speech, it is important to consider the of the dollar in terms of inflation.

value

Numbers, especially large numbers, can be hard for listeners to

visualize

A vivid example can be very effective in reinforcing an idea in your speech, but for such a purpose you should be especially certain that it is a(n) ______ example and not an exceptional case.

representative

A real-life case used to illustrate or represent a group of people, ideas, conditions, experiences, or the like is called a(n)

example

What makes quoting out of context so dangerous?

You can twist someone's remarks to prove something completely different from what was intended.

In your speech you decide to use a vivid and detailed narrative about a camping trip you took last year to illustrate one of your points about camping. This type of supporting material is called a(n) ______ example.

extended

You are giving a speech about school violence, and you briefly mention Columbine, Virginia Tech, and the Amish school shootings in a sentence. You are using

specific instances

"About 1.4 million shelter dogs are adopted each year" is an example of

statistic

Quotations or paraphrases from trusted sources that are used to support a point are known as

testimony.

When using testimony, it is best to make certain that the source

is unbiased. is qualified on the subject at hand.

In his speech, Joe says, "George Washington Carver, Lonnie G. Johnson, Percy Julian." By reciting a list like this that relates to his topic, Joe is using ...

brief example

An important use of examples is to ______ your ideas.

reinforce

Peer testimony works well in a speech when you need a statement from someone who has ______ on the topic.

experience

Statistics are similar to ______ in that they are often cited in passing to clarify or strengthen a speaker's point.

brief examples

When you are presenting your speech to an audience and are using testimony, statistics, or examples, it is important to remember to

cite your sources orally.

In the group of numbers 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 12, 27, the ______ is 10, and the ______ is 12.

median / mode

You have decided to take up running. You have a friend who has been running and coaching a long time. She tells you to go to a specialty store and look for lightweight, flexible running shoes rather than buying cheap shoes online, so you do. You were influenced by her

testimony.