chapter 8

A part of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids to each other defines the term chromatin. nucleosome. centromere. histone. No answer is correct.

centromere.

One of two identical attached copies of a replicated chromosome is called a centromere. chromatin. chromosome. nucleosome. chromatid.

chromatid.

If you were putting description on a model, you would put a card saying "a discrete continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein" on a model of a nucleosome. chromosome. centromere. histone. genome.

chromosome.

The division of the nucleus during the eukaryotic cell cycle is mitosis. interphase. synthesis. cytokinesis. replication.

mitosis.

The component of the cytoskeleton that attaches to the chromosomes to separate them during anaphase is the Golgi apparatus. centromere. centrosome. mitotic spindle. kinetochore.

mitotic spindle.

A nucleosome consists of a stretch of DNA and histones. a stretch of DNA only. a stretch of RNA only. a stretch of RNA and a ribosome. histones only.

a stretch of DNA and histones.

The phase of mitosis in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell is prophase. anaphase. interphase. metaphase. telophase.

anaphase.

Eukaryotic chromosomes become visible with a light microscope before cell division because they become less tightly wound. become more tightly wound. increase in length. decrease in length. combine with RNA.

become more tightly wound.

An asexual process used by prokaryotes in which replicated DNA and other cell parts are distributed into two daughter cells is called mitosis. binary fusion. daughter cell duplication. binary fission. conjugation.

binary fission.

In early stages of mitosis, a structure appears and functions to organize the protein subunits of the mitotic spindle. This is the centromere. kinetochore. centrosome. cytoskeleton. microfilaments.

centrosome.

DNA and its associated proteins in the nucleus is referred to as the centromere. nucleosome. histone. chromatin. microtubule.

chromatin.

A discrete package of DNA and associated proteins in eukaryotes is a chromosome. nucleus. ribosome. Golgi body. centriole.

chromosome

Meiosis is a process used for repair of damaged cells. growth of an organism. asexual reproduction. production of stem cells. production of gametes.

production of gametes.

Apoptosis is also called replication. mitosis. programmed cell death. the cell cycle. programmed cellular reproduction.

programmed cell death.

Binary fission produces ______ cells, mitosis produces ______ cells, and meiosis produces ______ cells. prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex genetic; body; sex eukaryotic; prokaryotic body; prokaryotic sex genetically different; genetically identical; genetically different genetically identical; genetically different; genetically identical

prokaryotic; eukaryotic body; eukaryotic sex

The chemotherapy drug taxol inhibits microtubule function. A cell treated with taxol would become stuck in which phase? prophase metaphase anaphase telophase cytokinesis

prophase

If you wanted to lower your chances of lung cancer, what would be the best factor to avoid? human papillomavirus UV radiation dietary saturated fat tobacco use All answers are correct.

tobacco use

Which of the following does not increase the risk for developing cancer? vigorous exercise poor diet obesity sun exposure tobacco

vigorous exercise

If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence of 5' ATGTGCC 3' the complementary strand of DNA will read 3' ATGTGCC 5'. 3' TACACGG 5'. 3' UACACGG 5'. 3' CGTGTAA 5'. 3' GGCACAT 5'.

3' TACACGG 5'

Mutations may be caused by errors in prokaryotic replication. exposure to radiation. exposure to chemicals. errors in eukaryotic replication. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and mitosis? Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction. Both result in genetically identical cells. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits. Both result in two daughter cells. All answers are correct.

All answers are correct.

Which of the following is correct about both binary fission and meiosis? Both result in genetically identical cells. Both result in one daughter cell. Both are asexual forms of cell reproduction. Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits. All answers are correct.

Both replicate the DNA before the cell splits.

What molecule holds instructions for the synthesis of proteins and copies itself before cell division? ATP synthase DNA RNA NAD FAD

DNA

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to form new strands of DNA is amylase. transcriptase. ligase. helicase. DNA polymerase.

DNA polymerase.

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolutionary Strategies in the Race Against Cancer," what did the researchers conclude? Standard therapy led to the smallest tumors. Skipped dose therapy led to the smallest tumors. Declining dose therapy led to the smallest tumors. Standard, skipped and declining dose therapy all led to the small tumors. Standard, skipped and declining dose therapy were not effective in treating tumors.

Declining dose therapy led to the smallest tumors.

How does the space between our fingers arise? The cells form by apoptosis. Mitosis of the cells is blocked. The cells die by apoptosis. Meiosis of the cells is blocked. The cells become part of the fingers.

The cells die by apoptosis.

In the section "Investigating Life: Evolutionary Strategies in the Race Against Cancer," scientists studied the effects of adaptive cancer therapies on tumors in mice. What is the dependent variable in this study? Volume of the tumor in humans. Skipped doses. Standard therapy. Declining doses. Volume of the tumor in mice.

Volume of the tumor in mice.

The first sign of cytokinesis in an animal cell is the formation of a cell plate. cleavage furrow. cell wall. nucleolus. nuclear envelope.

cleavage furrow.

Adaptive therapy aims to combat _______ amongst cancer cells that leads to tumor growth continuing even after therapy treatments. cooperation camoflauge colegiality competition cohesiveness

competition

Bypassing a checkpoint in the cell cycle may result in a cancer cell dividing after mutations are fixed. continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA. condensing its chromosomes before mitosis. aligning chromosomes on the equator of the cell during metaphase. pulling chromosomes apart during anaphase.

continuing to divide and replicate with faulty DNA

DNA's sugar-phosphate backbones are joined with ionic bonds. hydrogen bonds. weak chemical bonds. covalent bonds. No answer is correct.

covalent bonds.

The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is mitosis. interphase. cytokinesis. metaphase. anaphase.

cytokinesis.

Apoptosis could be used to protect an organism against excessive DNA damage. excess fat in the diet. allergens. a family history of cancer. No answer is correct.

excessive DNA damage.

The process by which a sperm cell combines with an egg cell is fertilization. recombination. replication. mitosis. germination.

fertilization.

All of the following refer to mitosis, except repair of damaged cells. growth of an organism. asexual reproduction. formation of gametes. production of genetically identical daughter cells.

formation of gametes

The genome of an organism is all of its proteins. RNA. characteristics. genetic material. All answers are correct.

genetic material.

Sister chromatids are genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere. genetically different and attached to each other at the centromere. genetically different. genetically identical. attached to each other at the centromere.

genetically identical and attached to each other at the centromere.

The enzyme that unwinds DNA is helicase. transcriptase. DNA polymerase. amylase. ligase.

helicase.

Which is a common cause of cervical cancer? human papillomavirus UV radiation dietary saturated fat tobacco use All answers are correct.

human papillomavirus

Strands of DNA are joined by hydrogen bonds. covalent bonds. ionic bonds. phosphodiester bonds.

hydrogen bonds.

The two main stages of the eukaryotic cell cycle are interphase and cytokinesis. interphase and mitosis. mitosis and cytokinesis. interphase and prophase. mitosis and meiosis.

interphase and mitosis.

You are told that you will receive an automatic "A" in your course if you look in a drawer marked with a part of the cell cycle most clearly associated with DNA replication and find a special token. Therefore you look in a drawer containing items related to mitosis. cytokinesis. prophase. telophase. interphase.

interphase.

The correct sequence for the phases of the eukaryotic cell cycle is interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis. interphase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase. prophase—anaphase—metaphase—telophase. interphase—prophase—cytokinesis—anaphase—telophase. metaphase—anaphase—interphase—prophase—telophase—cytokinesis.

interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis.

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell is metaphase. prophase. interphase. anaphase. telophase.

metaphase.

In a sexual life cycle, a zygote (fertilized egg) grows to an adult by meiosis. fertilization. meiosis and fertilization. mitosis. All answers are correct.

mitosis.

In an asexual life cycle, cells reproduce by meiosis. fertilization. meiosis and fertilization. mitosis. All answers are correct.

mitosis.

When DNA replicates the original DNA is not affected and a new double-stranded DNA is made from two new strands of DNA. one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules. the original DNA unwinds, and multiple copies of a region are transcribed before the DNA closes back up. transcription factors determine where to begin DNA replication. a cell that was diploid (2N) will now be tetraploid (4N).

one strand of the original DNA ends up in each of the new DNA molecules.

The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is interphase. metaphase. prophase. anaphase. telophase.

prophase.

The correct sequence for the phases of mitosis is interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase—cytokinesis. interphase—prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase. metaphase—anaphase—prophase—telophase. prophase—metaphase—cytokinesis—anaphase—telophase. prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.

prophase—metaphase—anaphase—telophase.

If you were watching a cell undergoing a doubling of the DNA in its nucleus, you would be observing protein synthesis. aerobic respiration. replication. substrate-phosphorylation. photosynthesis.

replication.