Chapter 8 Articulations (Chapter Quizzes, Multiple Choice)

19 The movement illustrated by a ballerina pointing her toes is ______. A) plantar flexion B) dorsiflexion C) inversion D) eversion

A (plantar flexion)

Which of the following statements about the vertebral column is INCORRECT? A) The ligamentum nuchae is a supraspinous ligament extending from vertebra C7 to the base of the skull. B) A ligamentum flavum connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae. C) A herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks through the nucleus pulposus and protrudes into the vertebral canal. D) The nucleus pulposus is a soft, elastic, gelatinous core.

C (A herniated disc occurs when the anulus fibrosus breaks through the nucleus pulposus and protrudes into the vertebral canal.)

45 Which of the following statements about the knee is (are) FALSE? A) The cruciate ligaments are intracapsular ligaments that stabilize the femur. B) The knee is a biaxial hinge joint. C) The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula. D) All of these statements are true.

C (The bones that articulate with the knee joint are the femur, tibia, and fibula.)

What is a diarthrosis? A) a joint that moves sometimes B) an immovable joint C) a freely movable joint D)a slightly movable joint

C (a freely movable joint)

A bursa is _____ that decreases friction within a synovial joint. A) a sac of cytoplasm B) a tendon C) a sac of synovial fluid D)a ligament

C (a sac of synovial fluid)

A suture is an example of __________. A) an amphiarthrosis B) a diarthrosis C) a synarthrosis D)None of the listed responses is correct.

C (a synarthrosis)

25 A movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is ________. A) hyperextension B) circumduction C) abduction D) adduction

C (abduction)

Spreading your toes apart is __________. A) supination B) adduction C) abduction D) pronation

C (abduction)

32 What is the unique compromise of the articulations in the appendicular skeleton? A) The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion. B) The strength of the joint and range of motion are unrelated. C) The stronger the joint, the less restricted the range of motion. D)The weaker the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.

A (The stronger the joint, the more restricted the range of motion.)

A slightly movable joint is called __________. A) an amphiarthrosis B) a synostosis C) a diarthrosis D) a synarthrosis

A (an amphiarthrosis)

33 Even though the specific cause may vary, arthritis always involves damage to the ________. A) articular cartilages B) epiphyseal discs C) bursae D) accessory ligaments

A (articular cartilages)

20 The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula, reinforcing the ________. A) back of the knee joint B) inside of the joint capsule C) anterior surface of the knee joint D) lateral surface of the knee joint

A (back of the knee joint)

12 The shoulder and hip joints are examples of ________. A) ball-and-socket joints B) hinge joints C) pivot joints D) gliding joints

A (ball-and-socket joints)

29 A characteristic decrease in height with advanced age may result from ________. A) decreased water content of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc B) a decrease in the annulus fibrosus of an intervertebral disc C) a decrease in the collagen fibers in the bodies of the vertebrae D) all of the above

A (decreased water content of the nucleus pulposus in an intervertebral disc)

6 Which of the following is an example of a synchondrosis? A) epiphyseal plate B) intertarsal joints C) distal tibia and fibula D) none of the above

A (epiphyseal plate)

24 The annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus are structures that are associated with ________. A) intervertebral discs B) synovial fluid C) a bursa D) articular cartilage

A (intervertebral discs)

Abduction and adduction are movements that _________. A) involve only the appendicular skeleton B) involve only the axial skeleton C) allow movement in the superior and inferior plane D) allow movement in the anterior and posterior plane

A (involve only the appendicular skeleton)

31 What is the term for a pad of fibrocartilage found between opposing bones in some synovial joints? A) meniscus B) bursa C) bunion D) tendon sheath

A (meniscus)

44 You can make a scary face by grabbing your bottom lip with your top teeth. When you do this, your mandible moves in an anterior direction. This is an example of ________. A) protraction B) depression C) retraction D) elevation

A (protraction)

2 The amphiarthrotic articulation that limits movements between the two pubic bones is the ________. A) pubic symphysis B) pubic tubercle C) greater sciatic notch D) obturator foramen

A (pubic symphysis)

47 Which of the following is an autoimmune disease affecting the joints? A) rheumatoid arthritis B) osteoarthritis C)osteoporosis D) gouty arthritis

A (rheumatoid arthritis)

15 Which joint permits the greatest range of motion of any joint in the body? A) shoulder joint B) elbow joint C) knee joint D) hip joint

A (shoulder joint)

40 When a ligament is stretched to the point where some of the collagen fibers are torn, the injury is called a ________. A) sprain B) dancer's fracture C) strain D) dislocation

A (sprain)

49. The structures that pass across or around a joint, limiting range of motion and providing support, are ________. A) tendons B) cartilage C) ligaments D) adhesions

A (tendons)

Which of the following joints does NOT allow rotational movement? A) the articulation at the sacro-iliac joint B) the articulation between the atlas and axis C) the articulation at the radio-ulnar joint

A (the articulation at the sacro-iliac joint)

46 The ligamentum flavum is a ligament that connects ________. A) the laminae of adjacent vertebrae B) the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae C) the spinous processes of all vertebrae D) the tips of all spinous processes from C7 to the occipital bone

A (the laminae of adjacent vertebrae)

Which of the following statements about these joints is INCORRECT? A) The sacro-iliac joints between the sacrum and coxae are gliding diarthroses that permit only slight movement. B) All the bones of the skull articulate with one another only through synarthroses. C) Costovertebral joints are found only between thoracic vertebrae and ribs and allow slight elevation and depression of the ribs. D) The atlanto-occipital joint is an ellipsoidal diarthrosis that allows flexion and extension

B (All the bones of the skull articulate with one another only through synarthroses.)

Which of the following statements about the elbow and knee is true? A) Both the elbow and the knee are bad bony fits. B) Both the elbow and knee are hinge joints. C) Both the elbow and knee are uniaxial and allow only flexion and extension. D) Both the elbow and the knee are amphiarthroses.

B (Both the elbow and knee are hinge joints.)

Which of the following statements about the hip joint is INCORRECT? A) The hip joint forms an almost complete bony socket, making it a very stable joint. B) The ligamentum teres tenses every time the hip joint experiences motion. C) Fractures of the femoral neck are more likely than dislocation of the hip joint. D) A fat pad in the center of the acetabulum acts as a shock absorber for the hip joint

B (The ligamentum teres tenses every time the hip joint experiences motion.)

What is a meniscus? A) a fatty pad that acts as a cushion B) a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial joint C) an injury to the temporomandibular joint D) a fluid-filled sac found in connective tissues

B (a pad of fibrocartilage within a synovial joint)

An immovable joint is called __________. A) an amphiarthrosis B) a synarthrosis C) a diarthrosis D) a symphysis

B (a synarthrosis)

A syndesmosis is an example of __________. A) a diarthrosis B) an amphiarthrosis C) a cartilaginous joint D) a synarthrosis

B (an amphiarthrosis)

The joint between the atlas and the occipital bone is an example of _______ joint. A) a pivot B) an ellipsoid C) a hinge D) a saddle

B (an ellipsoid)

41 What is the term for the condition that results when articulating bone surfaces are subjected to severe stress and are forced out of normal condition? A) strain B) dislocation C) sprain D) rheumatism

B (dislocation)

43 Which of the following ligaments does NOT connect the tibia and the femur? A) anterior cruciate ligament B) fibular collateral ligament C) posterior cruciate ligament D) tibial collateral ligament

B (fibular collateral ligament)

The hip and shoulder are multiaxial joints that permit what types of movements? A) adduction, abduction, and rotation B) flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation C) flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, and circumduction D) flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and opposition and rotation

B (flexion and extension, adduction and abduction, circumduction, and rotation)

3 The type of synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a ________. A) syndesmosis B) gomphosis C) synchondrosis D) symphysis

B (gomphosis)

8 The movement that allows you to gaze at the ceiling is ________. A) rotation B) hyperextension C) elevation D) circumduction

B (hyperextension)

Which one of the following joints is INCORRECTLY linked with its components? A) acromioclavicular—clavicle to scapula B) interphalangeal—metacarpal to phalanx C) radiocarpal—radius to carpal to radius and ulna D) glenohumeral—humerus to scapula

B (interphalangeal—metacarpal to phalanx)

18 A twisting motion that turns the sole of the foot inward is ________. A) eversion B) inversion C) supination D) pronation

B (inversion)

9 If an articulation permits only angular movement in the forward/backward plane, or prevents any movement other than rotation around its longitudinal axis, it is ________. A) triaxial B) monaxial C) biaxial D) polyaxial

B (monaxial)

26 The opposing movement of supination is ________. A) protraction B) pronation C) opposition D) rotation

B (pronation)

4 Which of the following joints is correctly matched with its joint type? A) midsagittal suture: cartilaginous B) radiocarpal joint: synovial C) rib 1 and the sternum: synovial D) distal tibia and fibula articulation: cartilaginous

B (radiocarpal joint: synovial)

1 Joints, or articulations, are classified on the basis of their degree of movement. From the following selections, choose the list that identifies the joints in this order: no movement, slightly movable, freely movable. A) diarthrosis, synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis B) synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis C) amphiarthrosis, synarthrosis, diarthrosis D) amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis, synarthrosis

B (synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis)

34 In a shoulder separation, the ________. A) clavicle and sternum separate B) muscles attached to the clavicle and scapula are torn C) acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation D) head of the femur separates form the clavicle

C (acromioclavicular joint undergoes partial or complete separation)

A symphysis is an example of __________. A) osteoarthritis B) a synarthrosis C) an amphiarthrosis D) a diarthrosis

C (an amphiarthrosis)

21 What is the tough outer layer of fibrocartilage found in the intervertebral discs? A) synovial joint B) ligamentum nuchae C) annulus fibrosus D) nucleus pulposus

C (annulus fibrosus)

Bones that participate in a synovial joint have ________ cartilage at the end of each bone. A) granulation B) bursal C) articular D) fibrous

C (articular)

36 A fluid-filled pocket containing synovial fluid found in joints to protect where a tendon or ligament rubs against a bone is a _____________. A) meniscus B) fat pad C) bursa D) bunion

C (bursa)

7 Flexion is defined as movement that ________. A) moves a limb toward the midline of the body B) moves a limb from the midline of the body C) decreases the angle between articulating elements D) increases the angle between articulating elements

C (decreases the angle between articulating elements)

Which of the following joint movements is INCORRECTLY described? A) supination—rotation of the antebrachium so palm is turned forward B) opposition—movement of the thumb to meet the fingers and grasp an object C) plantar flexion—flexion of the ankle to elevate the sole of the foot D) inversion—turning the foot so that the sole faces inward E) depression—movement of structure in inferior direction

C (plantar flexion—flexion of the ankle to elevate the sole of the foot)

The carpometacarpal joint at the base of the thumb is an example of a __________. A) hinge joint B) pivot joint C) saddle joint D) ball-and-socket joint

C (saddle joint)

Intervertebral articulations are __________. A) not joints at all B) immovable C) slightly movable D) freely movable

C (slightly movable)

39 The distal end of the tibia articulates with the _____ to form a synovial _____ joint. A) calcaneus; hinge B) calcaneus; saddle C) talus; hinge D) talus; saddle

C (talus; hinge)

17 In the hip joint, the arrangement that keeps the head of the femur from moving away from the acetabulum is ________. A) the formation of a complete bony socket B) the presence of fat pads covered by synovial membranes C) the articular capsule enclosing the femoral head and neck D) the tight fit of the acetabular bones and the femoral head

C (the articular capsule enclosing the femoral head and neck)

Which of the following joints permits the greatest range of motion in the body? A) the hip B) the knee C) the shoulder D) the elbow

C (the shoulder)

Your hand is pronated when __________. A) your palm faces forward B) your palm faces medially C) your palm faces backward D) your palm faces laterally

C (your palm faces backward)

38 What mechanism allows standing for prolonged periods without continually contracting the extensor muscles? A) There are limitations of the ligaments and the movement of the femur. B)The popliteal ligaments extend between the femur and the heads of the tibia and fibula. C) The patellar ligaments provide support for the front of the knee, helping to maintain posture. D) A slight lateral rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and joins the meniscus between the tibia and femur.

D (A slight lateral rotation of the tibia tightens the anterior cruciate ligament and joins the meniscus between the tibia and femur.)

16 Why is the elbow joint is quite stable? A) The bony surfaces of the humerus and ulna interlock. B) The articular capsule is very thick. C) The capsule is reinforced by stout ligaments. D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D (All of the listed responses are correct.)

5 What is (are) the function(s) of synovial fluid that fills the joint cavity? A) It nourishes the chondrocytes. B) It provides lubrication. C) It acts as a shock absorber. D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D (All of the listed responses are correct.)

Gliding joints are located between the __________. A) facet of a rib and a thoracic vertebra articulation B) superior and inferior articulating surfaces of a vertebra C) the sternum and the clavicle D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D (All of the listed responses are correct.)

What is the function of the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments in the knee? A) to limit anterior movement of the femur B) to maintain the alignment of femoral and tibial condyles C) to limit posterior movement of the femur D) All of the listed responses are correct.

D (All of the listed responses are correct.)

Which of the following statements about synovial fluid is (are) true? A) Synovial fluid contains proteoglycans. B) Synovial fluid acts as a lubricant within the joint. C) Synovial fluid provides a medium for nutrient distribution in the joint. D) All of the listed statements are true.

D (All of the listed statements are true.)

22 Which of the following statements about the knee joint is FALSE? A) It allows some minor rotational movement. B) It is stabilized by seven major ligaments. C) The articulation is actually between the femur and the menisci. D) All of these statements are true.

D (All of these statements are true).

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a diarthrosis? A) It is surrounded by a fibrous joint capsule. B) It may be affected by rheumatic diseases collectively called arthritis. C) Articular cartilages reduce friction between articulating bones. D) It may be located between the bodies of vertebrae.

D (It may be located between the bodies of vertebrae.)

A synostosis is a __________. A) ligament B) freely movable joint C) fibrous joint D) None of the listed responses is correct

D (None of the listed responses is correct)

10 Why are the elbow and knee called hinge joints? A) The articular surfaces are able to slide across one another. B) Sliding and rotation are prevented, and angular motion is restricted to two directions. C) All combinations of movement are possible. D) They permit angular movement in a single plane.

D (They permit angular movement in a single plane.)

35 If you run your fingers along the superior surface of the shoulder joint, you will feel a process called the ________. A) coronoid B) coracoids C) styloid D) acromion

D (acromion)

11 Which type(s) of joint(s) connect(s) the fingers and toes with the metacarpals and metatarsals? A) an ellipsoidal joint B) a biaxial joint C) a synovial joint D) all of the above

D (all of the above)

13 Which part(s) of the vertebral column do(es) not contain intervertebral discs? A) sacrum B) coccyx C) first and second cervical vertebrae D) all of the above

D (all of the above)

14 Movements of the vertebral column are limited to ________. A) flexion and extension B) lateral flexion C) rotation D) all of the above

D (all of the above)

28 Which of the following is an example of a gliding synovial joint? A) the articulation between rib 3 and the sternum B) the acromioclavicular articulation C) intercarpal articulations D) all of the above

D (all of the above)

42 The metacarpal and metatarsal bones articulate with the fingers and the toes, respectively. This creates what type of synovial joint? A) saddle B) pivot C) hinge D) ellipsoid

D (ellipsoid)

30 When the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus and enters the vertebral canal, the result is a(n) ________. A) slipped disc B) annulus fibrosus C) ligamentum nuchae D) herniated disc

D (herniated disc)

Which one of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid? A) lubrication B) nutrient distribution C) shock absorption D) immobilization

D (immobilization)

The correct term to identify a dislocated joint is __________. A) subluxation B) sprain C) fracture D) luxation

D (luxation)

27 What is the special movement of the thumb that enables it to grasp and hold an object? A) supination B) inversion C) circumduction D) opposition

D (opposition)

48. Pain and stiffness affecting the skeletal and/or muscular systems may be caused by ________. A) annulus fibrosus B) osteoporosis C) a herniated disk D) rheumatism

D (rheumatism)

A pivot joint permits __________. A) adduction and abduction B) elevation and depression C) inversion and eversion D) rotation only

D (rotation only)

23 Which joint results from the fusion of two bones? A) synchondroses B) syndesmosis C) symphysis D) synostoses

D (synostoses)

Which of these joint types is INCORRECTLY described? A) synchondrosis—bones are joined by a rigid bridge of cartilage B) synovial—located only between bones of the skull C) synostosis—forms when a joint becomes completely converted to bone D) symphysis—bones are separated by a pad of fibrocartilage

D (synovial—located only between bones of the skull)

50. Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a synovial hinge joint? A) the elbow B) the articulation between the proximal and medial phalanges C) the tibia and fibula with the talus D) the atlas-occipital articulation

D (the atlas-occipital articulation)

37 A complete dislocation of the knee is extremely unlikely because of ________. A) the pair of cartilaginous pads that surrounds the knee B) the presence of bursae that reduce friction C) the presence of the media and lateral muscle D) the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint

D (the seven major ligaments that stabilize the knee joint)

Which of the following statements concerning knee injuries is FALSE? A) Complete dislocation of the knee is rare. B) Bursitis of the knee can be caused by a job that requires a lot of kneeling. C) The most common knee injuries involve tearing the medial meniscus. D) Supporting ligaments and menisci can be torn if a locked knee is struck from the side. E) One of the most rapidly healing knee injuries is a torn ligament.

E (One of the most rapidly healing knee injuries is a torn ligament.)