Chapter 8 (Cloud Computing and Virtualization)

What must a VNIC have?

A configured IP address, a MAC address, a default gateway, a subnet mask value, and can have a connection that is bridged or not. Software only.

Cloud bursting

Ability to offload traffic to resources from a cloud provider if your own servers become too busy. Requires load-balancing/prioritizing technologies such as quality of service(QoS) protocols to make it possible.

Desktop as a Service (DaaS)

An implementation of desktop virtualization that does not require you to build and manage your own infrastructure.

What is one of the biggest issues with networking?

Data of various sizes is crammed into packets and sent across the medium. Headers are created, along with any filler needed, this creates additional overhead.

Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Easier than SAN(storage-area networks) and uses TCP/IP. Offers file level access, and a client sees the shared storage as a file server.

What is FCoE?

Fiber Channel over Ethernet(FCoE), can be used in high-speed (10 GB and higher) implementations.

What is the core of virtualization?

Hypervisor

Mobility as a Service(MaaS)

It is the use of other forms of transportation, on an as-needed basis, than company owned vehicles.

Communication as a Service(CaaS)

Outsourced communications leased from a vendor(s) such as Voice over IP(VOIP), videoconferencing apps, and so on.

what are the most deployed cloud delivery models?

Private Public Hybrid

What are the four possible delivery models of NIST?

Private Public Community Share

What issues can cloud computing cause from an administrative point?

Redundancy that occurs from having data in more than one location(local and remote) can be wonderful when you need to recover data, but problematic when you want to makes sure you are always working with the most recent vision.

What are big advantages of Fibre channel?

Scalability Efficiency

SCSI

Small computer system interface, this standard has long been the language of storage.

National Intstute of Standards and Technology (NIST) defines three service models:

Software as a Service(Saas) Platform as a Service(PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service(SaaS)

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

The capability provided to the consumer is to provision processing storage, networks, and other fundamental computing resources where the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary software, which can include operating systems and applications. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but has control over operating systems, storage, and deployed applications; and possible limited control of select networking components. The Consumer can provision, is able to deploy and run, but still does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but now can be responsible for some aspects.

Software as s Service(SaaS)

The capability provided to the consumer is to use provider's applications running on a cloud infrastructure. The applications are accessible from various client devices through either a thin client interface, such as a web browser(web-based email), or a program interface. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, storage, or even individual application capabilities, with the possible exception of limited user-specific application configuration settings. Consumers can use the providers applications and that they do not manage or control any of the underlying cloud infrastructure.

Platform as a Service(PaaS)

The capability to the consumer is to deploy onto the cloud infrastructure consumer created or acquired applications created using programming languages, libraries, services and tools supported by the provider. The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network, servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possible configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. Consumers can deploy, they do not manage or control any of the underlying cloud infrastructure, but they can have control over the deployed applications.

Hybrid Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is a composition of two or more distinct cloud infrastructures(private,community, or public) that remain unique entities, but are bound together by standardized or proprietary technology that enables data and application portability. Can be any combination of other delivery models.

Private Cloud

The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for exclusive use by a single organization comprising multiple consumers. May be owned, managed, and operated by the organization, a third party, or some combination of them, and it may exist on or off premises. Typically owned by the organization, and acts as both the provider and the consumer.

host

The machine on which virtualization software is running

What is the most common connectivity methods to Cloud providers?

To use an IPsec, hardware VPN connection between your network(s) and the cloud providers. This method offers the capability to have a managed vpn endpoint that includes automated multidata center redundancy and failover.

What are the two methods of implementation?

Type 1(bare metal) Type 2(Hosted)

Virtual switch

a software program that allows one virtual machine(VM) to communicate with another. Allows the the VM to use the hardware of the host OS (the NIC) to connect to the Internet.

Fibre channel (FC)

an option providing a higher level of performance than anything else. Utilizes FCP, the Fiber Channel Protocol

Type 2(hosted)

dependent on the operating system and cannot boot until the OS is up, it needs the OS to stay up so that it can operate.

Virtual firewall

either a network firewall service or an appliance running entirely within the virtualized environment. Serves the same purpose as a physical one: packet filtering and monitoring. Can also run in a guest OS VM. Don't overlook the contribution from Network Address Translation(NAT). Allows an organization to present a single address(or set of addressess) to the Internet for all computer connections- it acts a proxy between the lan(which can be using private IP addresses) and the Internet.

Type 1(bare metal)

independent of the operating system and boots before the OS

iSCSI

internet small computer system interface, expands on SCSI, through Ethernet, allowing IP to be used to send SCSI commands. Using this for a virtual environment gives users the benefits of file system without the difficulty of setting up Fibre Channel. Works with hypervisor level and in the guest OS.

LUNs

logical unit numbers, came from the SCSI world and carry over, acting as unique identifiers for devices. Both NAS and SAN use targets that hold up to eight devices.

Amazon Web Services(AWS)

one of the most popular cloud providers on the market. They allow the two connectivity methods discussed (calling the dedicated connection "AWS Direct Connect") and a number of others that are variations, or combinations, of these two.

InfiniBand(IB)

promises high throughput and low latency, making it ideal for use in high-performance computing connections. Designed to be scalable and uses a switched fabric network topology. Competes with Fibre Channel.

Hypervisor

the software/hardware combination that make it possible.

Jumbo Frames

this concept was designed to get around the additional overhead that is created by stuffing packet. It allows for very large Ethernet frames, by sending a lot of data at once, the number of packets is reduced, and the data sent is less processor intensive.

guests

virtual machines