Chapter 8

A plan, or course of action, as of a government, political party, or business, intended to influence and determine decisions, actions, and other matters is known as:

A policy

A group of persons working on behalf of or strongly supporting a particular cause, such as an item of legislation, an industry, or a special segment of society, is known as:

An interest group

The relationship between the amount of exposure and the occurrence of the unwanted health effects refers to:

Dose-response assessment

The adoption of policies, laws, and programs that are supported by empirical data refers to:

Evidence-based public health

When referring to a toxic substance, exposure assessment must take into account:

How and where the exposure occurs and how the substance is absorbed by the body

Individuals who are involved in policy formulation, including members of the legislature, citizens, lobbyists, and advocacy-group representatives, are known as

Policy actors

Which of the following is included in the policy cycle?

Problem definition and agenda setting

The process for identifying adverse consequences and their associated probability is known as:

Risk assessment

Which of the following is among the ways that epidemiologists can contribute to health policy?

Serving as an expert witness, Working as an advocate, Conducting and disseminating research

A weakness of exposure assessment is that high-quality data on exposures are often unavailable.

True

Epidemiology can aid with the accomplishment of at least three of the 10 essential public health services.

True

Laws and regulations are developed as methods of policy implementation.

True

The first phase of the policy cycle is regarded as the most crucial phase of the policy development process

True

The policy cycle involves five phases: problem definition/formulation/reformulation, agenda setting, policy establishment, policy implementation, and policy assessment.

True

True or False? A health policy is one that pertains to the health arena—for example, public health.

True

True or False? Ethics refers to norms for conduct that distinguish between acceptable and unacceptable behavior in research

True

True or False? Legitimization refers to the process of making policies legitimate, meaning to be acceptable to the norms of society.

True

True or False? The Tuskegee Study exemplified a research project that violated ethical standards for research.

True

True or False? The policy cycle refers to the distinct phases involved in the policy-making process.

True

A procedure that contrasts the costs and health effects of an intervention is a(n):

cost-effectiveness analysis