Chapter 8 Gestalt Therapy Questions, Psychoanalytic Theory/Gestalt/Existential/Person Centred/ Ethical Issues in Counseling Practice

Emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is synonymous with Gestalt therapy.

False

Gestalt therapy focuses on the cognitive aspects of therapy.

False

Gestalt therapy is designed for individual counseling, and it typically does not work well in groups.

False

Gestaltists typically ask why questions in the attempt to get clients to think about the source of their problems.

False

One of the contributions of Gestalt therapy is the vast empirical research that has been done to validate the specific techniques used.

False

Preparing clients for Gestalt exercises destroys both their spontaneity and effectiveness.

False

Retroflection involves doing to others what we would like them to do to us.

False

Since Gestalt therapy focuses on the here-and-now, the past is neither explored nor given emphasis.

False

The Gestalt therapist typically uses diagnosis and interpretation as a basic part of the therapeutic process.

False

The goal of Gestalt therapy is to solve basic problems, to resolve one's polarities, and to help the individual to adjust to his or her environment.

False

Therapy is based upon the successful resolution of the transference relationship.

False

In the Gestaltist view, unfinished business is best explored in the present.

True

If a person becomes fixated in the oral stage of development, later personality problems may include all of the following except: ​ ​A. rejecting others' love. ​ B. fear of intimate relationships. ​ C. mistrust of others. ​ D. high self-esteem.

D. HIGH SELF ESTEEM

Developmentally, Freud's latency stage corresponds to Erickson's stage of: ​ Question options: ​ A. trust versus mistrust. ​ B. intimacy versus isolation. ​ C. initiative versus guilt. ​ D. industry versus inferiority.

D. INDUSTRY VERSUS INFERIORITY

A person experiencing persistent feelings of inadequacy has probably had difficulty attaining a sense of _________ during the_________ stage. ​ ​A. intimacy; young adulthood ​ B. identity; adolescent ​ C. integrity; later life ​ D. industry; school age

D. INDUSTRY; SCHOOL AGE

The technique whereby the analyst explains the meaning of certain behavior is known as:​ ​A. transference. ​B. rationalization. ​C. countertransference. ​D. interpretation.

D. INTERPRETATION

A person who is suffering from feelings of alienation and isolation has probably failed to achieve a sense of ___________ during the ___________stage of development. ​ ​ A. identity; adolescence ​B. trust; infancy ​ C. generativity; middle age ​ D. intimacy; young adulthood

D. INTIMACY; YOUNG ADULTHOOD

The young adult who adopts his parent's outdated political beliefs to avoid unpleasant feelings of anxiety is an example of: ​ ​A. displacement. ​B. reaction formation. ​C. sublimation. D. introjection.

D. INTROJECTION

Who developed the object-relations view that focuses on separation and individuation? ​ A. ​Perls ​B. Satir ​C. Rogers D. ​Mahler

D. MAHLER

The basic aim of psychoanalytic therapy is to: ​A. treat specific learning disorders. ​B. change overt behavior. ​C. correct irrational thinking. ​D. make the unconscious motives conscious.

D. MAKE THE UNCONSCIOUS MOTIVES CONSCIOUS

Evidence suggesting the concept of the unconscious includes all of the following except:​ ​dreams. ​post-hypnotic suggestions. ​free-association. ​material derived from introspective techniques.

D. MATERIAL DERIVED FROM INTROSPECTIVE TECHNIQUES

The process of redirecting sexual energy into some form of socially acceptable behavior is known as: ​ ​A. displacement. ​B. denial. ​C. compensation. ​D. sublimation.

D. SUBLIMATION

The Gestalt approach to dream work consists of the therapist interpreting the meaning of the symbols in the dream.

False

An effective Gestalt therapist must develop deep personal awareness.

True

Most of the Gestalt techniques are designed to intensify one's experiencing.

True

Which of the following Gestalt techniques involves asking one person in a group to speak to each of the other group members?

c. Making the rounds

Contemporary Gestalt therapists view client resistance as a:

d. creative adjustment to a situation and something to be respected.

A contribution of this therapeutic approach is:

d. the exciting way in which the past is dealt with in a lively manner by bringing relevant aspects into the present.

According to Erickson, the basic struggle of early childhood involves: ​ ​ A. autonomy vs. shame and doubt. ​ B. initiative vs. guilt. ​ C. identity vs. role confusion. ​ D. trust vs. mistrust.

A. AUTONOMY VS. SHAME AND DOUBT

A more flexible variant of psychoanalysis is:​ ​ A. psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. B.​ psychoanalytically oriented reality therapy. ​ C. superego-oriented psychotherapy. ​ D. psychoanalytic behavior analysis.

A. PSYCHOANALYTICALLY ORIENTED PSYCHOTHERAPY

Manufacturing "good" reasons to explain away a bruised ego, or to explain away failures or losses, is known as: ​ ​A. rationalization. ​B. projection. ​C. displacement. ​D. introjection.

A. RATIONALIZATION

In order to meet the goals of psychoanalytic treatment, Rhonda must help her eating disordered clients to:​ ​ A. reduce their symptoms and resolve their internal conflicts. ​ B. replace negative self-talk with positive self-talk. ​ D. make use of programs such as Weight Watchers or the Atkins diet plan. ​ D. increase their support networks and develop social interest.

A. REDUCE THEIR SYMPTOMS AND RESOLVE THEIR INTERNAL CONFLICTS

One of the most important Freudian concepts, which consists of pushing unacceptable life events and painful feelings into the unconscious, is:​ ​A. repression. ​B. regression. ​C. displacement. ​D. rationalization.

A. REPRESSION

Individuals who display exhibitionistic traits, seek attention and admiration from others, and are extremely self-absorbed might have which of the following personality disorders? ​ ​A. Narcissistic ​B. Dependent ​C. Borderline ​D. Obsessive-compulsive

A. narcissistic

Question 5 1 / 1 point Feelings of hostility, destructiveness, anger, rage, and hatred are associated with the: ​ ​A. oral stage. ​B. anal stage. ​C. phallic stage. ​D. genital stage.

ANAL STAGE

Because ego and consciousness are not the same, the slogan for psychoanalysis has shifted from "making the unconscious conscious" to:​ ​A. "making the ego conscious." ​ B. "where there was id, let there be ego." ​C. "get rid of the id, kid!" ​ D. "may the force be within you."

B. "WHERE THERE WAS ID, LET THERE BE EGO"

In Freud's view, an individual experiencing neurotic anxiety feels: ​ ​A. he has behaved in a manner that is inconsistent with his moral code. ​ B. a realistic threat is present in the environment. ​C. he will not be able to control his instincts and will behave inappropriately. ​ D. guilt associated with past actions.

B. A REALISTIC THREAT IS PRESENT IN THE ENVIRONMENT

The ego defense mechanism that consists of masking perceived weaknesses or developing certain positive traits to make up for limitations is known as: ​ ​A. sublimation. ​B. compensation. ​C. introjection. D. ​reaction formation

B. COMPENSATION

Gestalt techniques can be considered experiments.

True

Which of the following is not true about the Gestalt view of the role of confrontation in therapy?

a. It is not possible to be both confrontational and gentle with clients.

Which of the following is not one of Miriam Polster's three stages in her integration sequence?

a. Reunification

Often Greta, who struggles to feel good about herself, comes to sessions with slouched posture. In order to help Greta gain a clearer understanding of the inner meaning of her slouched posture, a Gestalt therapist might:

a. ask Greta to exaggerate her poor posture, which is likely to intensify her feelings attached to it.

The basic goal of Gestalt therapy is:

a. attaining awareness and contact with the environment.

In Gestalt therapy, the relationship between client and counselor is seen as:

a. the heart of therapy.

According to the Gestalt perspective, if people do not remember their dreams:

a. they may be refusing to face what is wrong with their lives.

When a client recognizes he or she has a choice describes which stage of Miriam Polster's three¬stage integration sequence?

b. Accommodation

Which of the following is not true about Fritz Perls?

b. During his childhood, he was a model student.

Which of the following is not one of the Gestalt group leader's roles?

b. Evoking group catharsis

Which technique takes an anticipated event and brings it into the present moment to act out?

b. Future projection

A critical difference between early Gestalt therapy and relational Gestalt therapy is the:

b. approach to confrontation.

Erving Polster believes that storytelling:

b. can be the heart of the therapeutic process.

One of the main contributions of the Gestalt approach is its:

b. emphasis on learning to appreciate and fully experience the present moment.

The empty chair technique:

b. is a vehicle for the technique of role reversal.

According to Gestalt theory, people use avoidance in order to:

b. keep from feeling uncomfortable emotions.

The Gestalt therapist:

b. pays attention to the client's nonverbal language.

In Gestalt theory, the experiment is:

b. tailored to fit the client's unique needs and presented in an invitational manner.

A Gestalt technique that is most useful when a person attempts to deny an aspect of his or her personality (such as tenderness) is:

b. the reversal exercise.

From a multicultural perspective, a limitation of Gestalt therapy is that

both it tends to produce high levels of intense feelings and it is highly focused on direct expression of feelings.

When a client learns how to influence his or her environment describes which stage of Miriam Polster's threestage integration sequence?

c. Assimilation

Which of the statements below regarding emotion-focused therapy (EFT) is not true?

c. EFT blends the relational aspects of the person-centered approach with the active phenomenological awareness experiments of Gestalt therapy.

__________ are preplanned activities that can be used to elicit emotion, produce action, or achieve a specific goal.

c. Exercises

When a person experiences an internal conflict (namely a conflict between top dog and underdog), which of the following techniques would be most appropriate?

c. The internal dialogue exercise

Because of his need to be liked, Jose makes careful efforts to get along with everyone and minimize interpersonal conflicts. Which boundary disturbance is Jose exhibiting?

d. Confluence

__________ grow out of the interaction between client and therapist and emerge within this dialogic process.

d. Experiments

Which of the following is not true about Gestalt techniques?

d. Experiments are always carried out during the therapy session, rather than outside it.

Which of the following aspects of a client's use of language would a Gestalt therapist not focus on?

d. Semantics

The paradoxical theory of behavior change suggests:

d. authentic change occurs more from being who we are than from trying to be who we are not.

Gestalt therapy is a form of:

d. existential therapy.

The five different kinds of contact boundary disturbances include all of the following, except:

d. introflection.

Prerequisites for good contact involves all of the following except:

d. projection.

Which statement below is not accurate with regard to the phenomenon of countertransference?​ ​A. Countertransference reactions are the weakest source of data for understanding the world of the client since they are so biased. ​B. Countertransference reactions are inevitable because all therapists have unresolved conflicts and personal vulnerabilities that are activated through their professional work. ​C. Most research on countertransference has dealt with its deleterious effects and how to manage these reactions. ​D. It is critical that therapists monitor their own feelings during therapy sessions and use their responses as a source for increased self-awareness and understanding of their clients.

A. COUNTERTRANSFERENCE REACTIONS ARE THE WEAKEST SOURCE OF DATA FOR UNDERTSANDING THE WORLD OF THE CLIENT SINCE THEY ARE SO BIASED.

What is the correct sequence of the psychosexual stages? ​ ​ A. Anal/phallic/latency/genital/oral ​ B. Oral/anal/phallic/latency/genital ​ C. Oral/anal/latency/genital/phallic ​ D. Latency/oral/anal/phallic/genital

B. ORAL/ANAL/PHALLIC/LATENCY/GENITAL

A person who unconsciously exhibits overly nice behavior to conceal hostile feelings is probably using which ego defense? ​ ​A. Displacement B. ​Reaction formation ​C. Introjection ​D. Projection

B. REACTION FORMATION

Freud used the term libido in which of the following ways?​ ​A. To refer to the death instincts ​B. To refer to the energy of all the life instincts ​C. To refer to sexual abuse ​D. To account for the aggressive drive

B. TO REFER TO THE ENERGY OF ALL THE LIFE INSTINCTS

A person who manages his or her anxiety by distorting reality and failing to acknowledge painful events is most likely using: ​ A. ​introjection. ​B. sublimation. ​C. denial. ​D. compensation.

C. DENIAL

In Erikson's view, the major developmental task in adolescence is:​ ​ A. intimacy vs. isolation. ​ B. integrity vs. despair. ​C. identity vs. role confusion. ​ D. initiative vs. guilt.

C. IDENTITY VS. ROLE CONFUSION

All of the following are true about the superego except: ​ ​ A. it is the judicial branch of personality. ​ B. it is the internalization of the standards of parents and society. ​ C. it governs, controls and regulates the personality. D. ​ it inhibits id impulses.

C. IT GOVERNS, CONTROLS AND REGULATES THE PERSONALITY

The main function of the ego is to: ​ ​ A. inhibit id impulses. ​ B. seek pleasure in life. ​ C. mediate between the instincts and the surrounding environment. ​ D. strive for perfection.

C. MEDIATE BETWEEN THE INSTINCTS AND THE SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT

The "fundamental rule" for the client in psychoanalysis is:​ ​ A. forming a contract with the therapist. ​ B. willingness to do "homework assignments." ​ C. participating in free association. ​ D. writing down dreams.

C. PARTICIPATING IN FREE ASSOCIATION

The developmental crisis involving initiative vs. guilt occurs during: ​ ​A. school age. ​B. early childhood age. ​C. preschool age. ​D. adolescence.

C. PRESCHOOL AGE

All of the following are a part of Jung's view of development except: ​ ​A. individuation. ​B. the shadow. C. ​symbiosis. D. ​collective unconscious.

C. SYMBIOSIS

Jacqueline feels guilty whenever she considers taking a day off from work for personal reasons. Which of the psychic structures postulated by Freud is fueling her guilty feelings?​ ​A. The id ​B. The ego ​C. The superego ​D. The consciousness

C. THE SUPEREGO

Which of the following is not a component of the brief psychodynamic approaches?​ ​ A. Use of interpretation early in the therapeutic relationship ​ B. Targeting a specific interpersonal problem during the first session ​ C. The therapist functioning as a blank slate ​ D. Developing a strong working alliance

C. THE THERAPIST FUNCTIONING AS A BLANK SLATE

Directing energy toward another object or a person (when anxiety is reduced by focusing on a "safer target") is known as:​ A. ​sublimation. ​B. repression. C. ​introjection. ​D. displacement.

D. DISPLACEMENT

The Electra complex and the Oedipus complex are associated with what psychosexual stage of development? ​ ​A. Anal stage ​B. Genital stage ​C. Oral stage ​D. Phallic stage

D. PHALLIC STAGE

According to Perls, awareness of and by itself is not sufficient to lead to change; clients must also put their experiences into some type of cognitive framework if change is to happen.

False

Genuine knowledge is the product of what the person understands of the situation of another.

False

Gestalt experiments are ready-made techniques that are often used to evoke the expression of certian emotions.

False

Gestalt theory is best considered as a form of psychoanalytic therapy.

False

The ego defense mechanism in which a person exhibits behavior that clearly shows signs of reverting to less mature stages is ________?​ ​A. fixation ​B. rationalization ​C.regression ​D. introjection

REGRESSION

A Gestalt therapist pays attention to ways the client uses language.

True

A current trend in Gestalt therapy is toward greater emphasis on the client/therapist relationship rather than on techniques.

True

Although Perls used a highly confrontational approach in dealing with client avoidance and resistance, the confrontational model is not representative of contemporary Gestalt therapy.

True

Blocked energy is a form of defensive behavior.

True

Both contact and withdrawal are necessary and important to healthy functioning.

True

Gestalt group therapists use experiments to encourage clients to move from talking about action to taking action.

True

Gestalt therapies view a client's avoidance behavior as related to unfinished business.

True

Gestalt therapy is lively and promotes direct experiencing rather than the abstractness of talking about situations.

True

Gestalt therapy makes use of a wide variety of techniques that are designed to increase the client's awareness of his or her present experiencing.

True

In Gestalt terms, awareness refers to our connectedness to our external and internal worlds.

True

In Gestalt therapy, a client's resistance is welcomed and used to deepen their therapeutic work.

True

Part of success in using Gestalt techniques is contingent upon preparing clients for these techniques.

True

People who rely on retroflection tend to inhibit themselves from taking action out of fear of embarrassment, guilt, and resentment.

True

Since Gestalt therapists believe that questions have a tendency to keep the questioner hidden, safe, and unknown, they often ask clients to change their questions into statements.

True

__________ involves blurring the differentiation between the self and the environment.

a. Confluence

Who among the following is not considered a relational Gestalt therapist?

a. Fritz Perls

Empirical support for Gestalt therapy is:

c. becoming stronger.

It is essential that counselors establish a relationship with their clients, so that the clients will:

c. feel trusting enough to participate in the learning that can result from Gestalt experiments.

A teenage girl is angry with her parents and cuts on her arm. In Gestalt terms, she is most likely engaging in:

c. retroflection.

Mariah tells her therapist, a Gestaltist, that she dreamt she got married to a pit bull and felt uneasy about telling her parents that she married a dog. When her parents discovered their son-in-law was a pit bull, they disowned her and suddenly became dogs themselves. In response to this dream, Mariah's therapist:

c. should assist her client in reliving the dream as though it was happening in the now and have her become each part of the dream.

Field theory asserts that:

c. the organism must be seen in its environment, or in its context, as part of the constantly changing field.

According to Gestalt theory, all of the following are true about contact except:

c. withdrawal after a good contact experience indicates neurosis.