Chapter 8 it 213 Web Accessibility

PDF Files

¨Provide an alternative HTML version ¨Create a tagged PDF file with all of the appropriate accessible markup (Adobe Acrobat 5.0 or higher) PDF Tags create a text-only representation of the PDF document; They exist for accessibility purposes only and have no visible effect on the PDF document.

Web Accessibility Initiative

¨first goal is Universal Access, making the web available to all people, whatever their hardware, software, network infrastructure, native language, culture, geographical location, or physical or mental ability.

Types Of Disabilities

- Communication - Physical - Auditorial -Congitive (Learning) -Neuro (Seizsures EPLICTIAL?)

"Skip" Links

-It is common for web pages to have a repetitive "navigation bar" or menu on every page. -The "skip links" feature is an anchor that links to the main content of the page.

Neurological Disability

AVOIDE Webpage elements with strobing, flickering, or flashing effects can cause seizures. Content that flashes more than three times per second, is notably large, and has bright contrast in the flashes should be avoided.

MUST FOLLOW Section 508

All federal government websites Military websites Any program or institution receiving funding from the Tech Act (Assistive Technology Act) Mostly state-run programs and educational institutions Some private sector companies that do government contract work Any website wishing to be a link on the above sites Legally the above sites can only link to accessible websites, both private and government

Physical

Alternate input devices: Mouth stick, head wand, single-switch access, sip and puff switch, eye tracking devices, oversized trackball mouse Adaptive keyboard Voice recognition software

Visual

Blindness Screen reader; accessible HTML source code (images, tables, frames) Low Vision: Screen magnifier; scalable text, high contrast page Color-blindness: Visual cues (other than colors)

CSS

Check PPT

The Accessibility Statement

Common content ¨Introduce the topic ¨Divulge navigation assistance ¨Discuss font sizing ¨Define abbreviations and acronyms ¨Declare standards compliance ¨Offer additional resources ¨Explain remaining barriers

Tables

Distinguish between Layout Tables and Data Tables ¨Layout Tables - Arrange content on the webpage nShould be replaced by CSS layout techniques ¨Data Tables - Display data in row and column

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act

Ensures that disabled individuals have a comparable level of access to information on the web -Covers full range of electronic and information technology -Software applications and operating systems -Web-based information or applications -Telecommunication products -Video and multimedia products -Self contained, closed products -Desktop and portable computers

Auditory

GIVE Captioning tools / technologies

Tab Index

Linearly navigate the contents

Ø Cognitive

Organized and Consistent navigation, plain Language

2 guidelines organized under 4 principles: Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)

Perceivable Operable Understandable Robust

Accessibility Evaluation Tools

Wave ¨http://wave.webaim.org/ Cynthia Says ¨http://www.cynthiasays.com/ AChecker ¨https://achecker.ca/checker/index.php Mobile Web Accessibility Checker: mobile websites on iPad or iPhone ¨http://www.userlight.com/apps/mwac/ Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools List ¨http://www.w3.org/WAI/RC/tools/

Assistive Technologies & Devices

generic term that includes assistive, adaptive, and rehabilitative devices and the process used in selecting, locating, and using them -Switches -Gazers -Screen Reader -Refreshable Braille Displays -Voice Browsers

Access Keys

keyboard shortcuts

Images

use alt attribute for images

Adjust web browser properties for web accessibility

¨Adjust font colors and text sizes ¨Disable scripts and detach style sheets ¨View webpages without images ¨Change background colors