Chapter 8 Knowledge Review- Nutrition

A dietitian may recommend a mineral supplement for individuals who are experiencing above normal mineral losses as a result of all of the following EXCEPT

Increased respiration

Hematocrit

Percentage of blood made up of red blood cells

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bone?

calcium

After experiencing regular feelings of fatigue and getting sick more often than normal, Jackie found out that she was deficient in Iron and Zinc. What foods could Jackie add to her diet to meet the RDAs for Iron and Zinc?

- Nuts - Dark meat chicken - whole-grain bread

Levels of calcium in the blood are tightly regulated. When blood levels of calcium start to drop below normal, which of the following physiological responses may take place?

- bones release calcium into the blood - intestines absorb more calcium ?

As an 18 year old track runner, Jackie should be consuming ______ mg of calcium per day. To increase her intake Jackie has started drinking an 8 oz glass of skim milk in the morning which provides ______ mg of calcium and taking a daily supplement recommended by a dietician which provides approximately _______ mg of calcium. If she follows this plan she should not approach the UL of calcium of ______ mg per day.

1300 300 600 2500

Gabe overheard some men at the gym talking about a mineral supplement that they were taking to increase testosterone levels. After doing a bit of research, Gabe discovered that the guys were taking ______________ but that the increase in testosterone levels has only been seen in postmenopausal women who were deficient in the mineral.

Boron

heme iron

Dietary iron derived from hemoglobin and myoglobin in food

Hemachromatosis

Disorder of iron metabolism that leads to abnormally high iron absorption and deposition of iron in the liver and heart

Gabe was experiencing fatigue, despite sleeping eight hours per night. He went to the doctor and was diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia. The doctor recommended he eat iron-fortified breakfast cereals. Which food would be the best accompaniment for his iron-fortified breakfast cereal and why?

Having a cup of orange juice with iron-fortified breakfast cereal because vitamin C in the orange increases iron absorption

A variety of factors can inhibit or enhance calcium absorption. Indicate whether each situation increases or decreases calcium absorption

INCREASES CALCIUM ABSORPTION - having a healthy GI tract through which digestive contents can easily flow - eating vitamin-D enriched foods - pregnancy DECREASES CALCIUM ABSORPTION - being over 70 years old - oxalic acid in spinach - having a high-fiber diet rich in phytic acid

Iron is carefully conserved by the body and its absorption is affected by a number of factors. Determine whether each factor tends to increase or decrease iron absorption.

INCREASES IRON ABSORPTION - combining nonheme sources of iron with meat, fish or poultry - pregnancy - adolescent growth spurt DECREASES IRON ABSORPTION - consuming tea with meals - taking antacids - consuming large doses of zinc

Certain female athletes are at increased risk for iron-deficiency anemia and compromised bone health. Determine whether the scenario listed below increases iron-deficiency anemia risk or osteoporosis risk.

INCREASES IRON-DEFICIENCY RISK - monthly menstrual losses - distance running that may lead to gastrointestinal bleeding INCREASES OSTEOPOROSIS RISK - cessation of menstruation - low dietary calcium intake

nonheme iron

Iron from plant sources, supplements, and animal tissues other than that provided by hemoglobin and myoglobin

Match the mineral with the situation appropriate for supplementation

Iron- Female athlete with high fatigue and amenorrhea Chromium- patients who are insulin resistance Iodine- Individuals restricting salt intake, pregnant women, fetuses Calcium- supplements may be necessary for children and postmenopausal women Zinc- Deficiencies may impair growth in children Magnesium- Deficiencies in older adults at risk for hypertension and heart disease

Hemoglobin

Iron-containing protein in red blood cells that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Drag the mineral to the corresponding body function

METABOLIC REGULATION - metalloenzymes - electrolytes - zinc and copper as part of antioxidant enzymes GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT - phosphorus for bone health - iron as a component of hemoglobin

Jackie is considering taking a mineral supplement she purchased as a meal replacement option at breakfast. Which of the following statements could accurately advise Jackie in her decision?

Mineral supplements cannot serve as a meal replacement because they do not provide as source of calories energy