Chapter 8: Needed
Obesity
1/4 of people in the United States Body Mass Index (BMI) is based on ration of weight to height 20% above average weight
Emotions
A feeling that generally have both physiological and cognitive elements and that influence behavior. Experience of feelings such as fear, joy, surprise, and anger that underlies behaviors
Secondary
Acquired through learning Such as ambition No one is born with drive to acquire wealth, yet many people are motivated by it.
Happiness Anger Fear Sadness Disgust
Basic emotions include:
Hypothalamus Weight Set Point Metabolism Social Factors in Eating Societal Rules Cultural Influences Individual Habits.
Biological Factors in the Regulation of Hunger.
Homeostasis
Body's tendency to maintain a steady internal state. States that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and at returning the organism to homeostasis.
Motive and emotion
Both ____ and ____ push us to take some kind of action.
Behavior
Earlier psychologists generally attributed ____ to instinct.
Child does chore to earn an allowance
Example of Extrinsic motivation
Kids finger paint and play games
Example of Intrinsic motivation
Motivation
Factors that direct and energize the behavior of humans and other organisms.
Instincts
Inborn patterns of behavior that are biologically determined rather than learned.
Difficult Emotion
It is more ____ to predict the kind of behavior that a particular ____ will prompt.
Weight Set Point
Level of weight that the body strives to maintain
Internal External Push and pull
Many psychologists believe that the ____ drives proposed by drive-reduction theory work in tandem with the _____ incentives of incentive theory to "___" and "___" behavior.
Hypothalamus
Monitors glucose levels Lateral hypothalamus
Closely intertwined making a distinction between both of them difficult Psychologists do try to seperate them Activate and Affect behaviors
Motivation and Emotions are:
Drive
Motivation tension, or arousal, that energized behavior to fulfill a need. Created by biological need.
What How many
Psychologists do not agree on____ or ________, primary instincts exists.
Metabolism
Rate at which food is converted to energy and expended by the body.
Extrinsic
Reward that are obtained not from activity, but as a consequence of the activity Desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or punishment.
Intrinsic
Rewards provided by an activity itself Desire to perform a behavior that stems from the behavior performed
Underlies primary drives Uses feedback loops Need for food, water, stable body temp, and sleep
State of balance and stability in which the organism functions effectively (gain homeostasis)
Higher Higher
Studies have revealed that ____ intrinsic motivation is linked to ____ school achievement and psychological adjustments.
Drive-Reduction Approaches
Suggest that a lack of some basic biological requirement such as water produces a drive to obtain that requirement.
Cognitive Approaches
Suggest that motivation is a product of people's thoughts, expectations, and goals.
Maslow's Hierarchy
Suggests that before more sophisticated, higher-order needs can be met, certain primary needs must be satisfied.
Incentive Approaches
Suggests that motivation stems from the desire to obtain valued external goals, or incentive.
Preparing us for action Shaping our future behavior Helping us interact more effectively with others
The functions of emotion
Self-Actualization
Top of Maslow's Hierarchy State of self-fulfillment in which people realize their highest potential
Intrinsic Extrinsic
Types of Cognitive Approaches
Primary Secondary
Types of Drive
Drive Homeostasis
Types of Drive-Reduction
Primary
Unlearned are found in all animals Motivated behavior that is vital to survival Hunger, thirst, sex (reproduction) Most people drive by Money
Hunting, Fear, Curiosity, Shyness, Love, Shame, and Resentment.
What are the 7 human instincts according to James?
James
Who complied a list of human instincts.
Most important human behaviors is learned Human behavior is rarely rigid, inflexible, unchanging Ascribing every conceivable human behavior to a corresponding instinct explains nothing.
Why did Jame's theory fall out?
When, What , How much we eat.
social Factors in Eating
